10 Bài ôn luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT Quốc gia năm 2017 - Phần: Đọc hiểu 3

THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT - 2017
PHẦN : ĐỌC HIỂU (3)
I. NOTE:
Các bài đọc hiểu được trình bày theo kiểu xuống dòng từng câu và tách dòng từng đoạn, 
khoảng cách dòng và kiểu chữ vừa phải. 
Nhờ đó các bạn học sinh đọc bài, dịch bài và hiểu nội dung một cách dễ dàng. 
Nâng cao được khả năng viết câu, phân tích câu và hiểu được nội dung của câu.
II. NGUYÊN TẮC:
- Khi gặp tiếng Anh, đầu tiên ta phải biết các từ đơn lẻ : house, go, nice, at, happily 
- Các từ đơn lẻ gồm 5 loại : danh từ, động từ, tính từ, giới từ và trạng từ
- Các từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu: câu có hành động HOẶC câu không có hành động
- Nhiều câu ghép lại thành đoạn văn
- Nhiều đoạn văn ghép lại thành bài văn
III. TÌM HIỂU 5 LOẠI TỪ ĐƠN LẺ:	
Khi tra từ điển sẽ biết thuộc từ loại nào, cách đọc, dấu nhấn, ý nghĩa, cách dùng và ví dụ
(Từ điển chuẩn: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)	
1. Danh từ	(n)	: là từ chỉ người hoặc vật (vật bao gồm động vật, thực vật, đồ vật, sự việc)	
2. Động từ 	(v)	: là từ chỉ hoạt động	
3. Tính từ 	(adj)	: là từ chỉ tính chất	
4. Giới từ	(prep)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian	
	Giới từ hay đi kèm với 1 danh từ theo sau	
	Giới từ bao gồm: at, on, in, about, from, to, with, without 	Ex: in the kitchen, on Monday	
5. Trạng từ	(adv)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian nhưng không cần giới từ đứng trước	 adv = prep + n	
	Ex:	
	upstairs 	ở trên lầu	yesterday	vào hôm qua
	downstairs 	ở dưới lầu	today	vào hôm nay
	Ngoài ra, trạng từ còn chỉ cách thức, mức độ của hành động và thường	
	được tạo ra bằng cách thêm "LY" vào tính từ.	
IV. TÌM HIỂU 2 KIỂU CÂU: (lấy 5 kiểu từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu)
1. Câu có hành động:
S + V + (O)
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật gây ra hành động 	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
Động từ (V)	: là hành động trong câu	à Lấy động từ bỏ vào
Tân ngữ (O)	: là người hoặc vật bị tác động bởi hành động	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
(Trong tiếng Anh hay chọn các S và O đơn giản và cũng chọn các V đơn giản)	
Ex:	I read book.	
 	She sleeps.	
2. Câu không có hành động:
(Đọc lên không thấy có hành động "ăn / chơi / chạy / nhảy "
mà chỉ có trạng thái, cảm xúc hoặc sự tồn tại)	
	 - n
S + be +	- adj	(1 trong 3 lựa chọn này sẽ đi với be)
	 - prep + n
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật mang trạng thái cảm xúc	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
be 	: đại diện cho sự việc không có hành động	à am/is/are trong hiện tại
Ex:	I am a student.	
She is beautiful.	
They are in the room.	
3. Thành phần phụ trong câu:
Ngoài ra, ta có thể thêm các thành phần phụ vào cuối câu (câu có hành động 
hoặc câu không có hành động) để làm cho câu có nhiều thông tin hơn.
Các thành phần phụ bao gồm nơi chốn, thời gian,  (nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian)
Các thành phần phụ hầu hết được tạo ra bằng cách lấy "prep + n"
(Nếu khuyết 1 trong 2 thì gọi là trạng từ) : 
prep + n = adv
Ex:	I play football with my friends in the park at 3 p.m. today.
There is a book on the table.
V. EXERCISES: Dịch các bài đọc hiểu sau và trả lời các câu hỏi bên dưới:
BÀI 21: REASONS FOR TRAVEL
People travel for a lot of reasons: Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. 
Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures 
taken in front of famous places. 
But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with 
a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. 
Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam 
spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, 
and much of the rest of the year in the rain. 
This is the reason why the Mediterranean has always attracted them. 
Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to 
Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. 
They all come for the same reason, sun!
The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. 
Italy’s 30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer. 
And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks and roadsides. 
Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 
37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourists than it can handle. 
The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. 
And with increased tourism, it’s getting worse. 
The French can’t figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Tropez. 
And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this, however, is spoiling anyone’s fun. 
The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. 
Obviously, they don’t go there for clean water and solitude. 
They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. 
They don’t even mind the pollution. 
No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. 
And as long as the sun shines, it’s still better than sitting in the cold rain 
in Berlin, London, or Oslo.
(Adapted from “Modern Sun Worshippers”)
Question 36: The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that ______.
A. they want to see historic remains or religious spots.
B. they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs.
C. they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites.
D. they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home.
Question 37: In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam 
are mentioned _____.
A. to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.
B. to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty.
C. to prove that they have got more tourism than they handle.
D. to tell us how wealthy their people are.
Question 38: According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts 
more tourists than the others?
A. Italy B. Spain C. Greece D. France
Question 39: The word “solid” in paragraph 3 means most nearly the same as ______.
A. seeming to be hard to book B. being uncomfortable to live in
C. having no spaces inside D. having less people than normal
Question 40: The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, “or one tourist for 
every person living in Spain” means _____. 
A. all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists.
B. every Spanish is visited by a tourist every year.
C. every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist annually.
D. every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country.
Question 41: The word “tolerate” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. exclude B. endure C. reject D. neglect
Question 42: According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists’ fun 
at Mediterranean resorts and beaches?
A. polluted water B. crowded buses C. traffic jams D. rainy weather
BÀI 22: CLASSES
Our classes take place for three hours every morning from Monday to Friday. 
The (31)_______ class size is twelve and the average is ten. 
We use modern methods (32)_______ teaching  and learning, and the school has 
a language laboratory, a video camera and recorders. 
You will only be successful in improving your English; 
however, if you work hard and practise speaking English as much as you can. 
You will take a short (33)_______ in English as soon as you arrive. 
In this way, we can put you in a (34)_______ at the most suitable level.
The emphasis is on oral communication practice in a wide (35)_______ of situations 
at the advanced knowledge. 
You will learn how to use language correctly and appropriately 
when you talk to native speakers. 
In addition, you will develop such study skills as reading efficiently, 
writing articles and reports, and note-taking from books and lectures.
Question 31: A. maximum B. minimum C. small D. large 
Question 32: A. in   B. of   C. on  D. for
Question 33: A. test  B. exam  C. course  D. lesson 
Question 34: A. form   B. class  C. grade  D. course 
Question 35: A. variety B. amount  C. number  D. lot 
BÀI 23: THE HEIGHT OF FASHION
If, like myself, you have recently suspected that women are growing taller these days 
and wondered what particular dietary supplements are contributing to 
this spurt in growth, then be assured. 
This is no magical twist to evolutionary development, 
it is simply the current obsession with shoes. 
This trend, like many before it, shows that some people are willing to suffer 
any amount of pain or discomfort and even jeopardise their health 
in the name of fashion.
It may be a cliché, but women especially are quite willing to admit that 
they are ‘slaves to fashion’. 
If we look a long way back in time there was a period 
when tiny waists were to die for – and many women nearly did! 
They wore corsets so tight that they displaced internal organs and even cracked their ribs. 
Men were not immune to paying the price for vanity either. 
In seventeenth-century Europe the popular male practice of using white face powder 
to give themselves that pale, interesting look could be rather dangerous 
as the early powders contained arsenic! 
One of today’s major fashion health hazards is the six-inch heels made popular 
by celebrities and catwalk models the world over, despite various public tumbles. 
It’s certainly true that the extra height is slimming and glamorous and the high heels 
make even the dumpiest person’s feet look quite stunning. 
What is a problem, however, is when the wearers of such footwear 
attempt to actually move! 
Apart from the likelihood of falling over and twisting an ankle, 
the possible damage to the body is significant. 
It goes without saying that the feet can be badly affected – 
resulting later in life in distorted toes and bunions – 
but the problems can extend to the whole skeleton, as the posture the wearer 
has to adopt to stay upright can cause severe back problems. 
Add to this the fact that the wearer may also be carrying 
a fashionably big bag over one shoulder and it’s clear that 
the poor vertebrae don’t really stand a chance.
There is one advantage to the fashion for such high heels. 
Social interaction is obviously restricted as most wearers can do little 
more than stand in the same place or sit. 
This allows the shorter, flatter footed amongst us to run rings round them at parties!
Question 39: What happens at parties?
A. Women wearing high shoes are waited upon by shorter and flatfooted ones.
B. More people approach you to start a conversation.
C. High shoes make a good topic of conversation.
D. Other people have the chance to enjoy the occasion. 
Question 40: Unhealthy fashion trends.....
A. can influence both genders. B. are popular with women.
C. are a relatively recent phenomenon. D. cost an excessive amount of money.
Question 41: In the first paragraph the writer tells us.....
A. high-heel shoes help women grow taller. 
B. how to increase our growth. 
C. how to be healthy and look good. 
D. that external appearance can be the most important thing. 
Question 42: What is "it goes out without saying" similar in meaning to?
A. it is obvious B. it is impossible C. it is irrational D. it is essential
Question 43: Very high shoes.....
A. can easily give charm to ankles. B. can make some of us look fatter.
C. can make people’s feet look ridiculous. D. can make us look elegant. 
Question 44: Wearing high shoes....
A. alters our posture dramatically. B. can be dangerous for others.
C. has an immediate effect on our feet. D. make even human feet look more stunning
BÀI 24: RETAIL SALES
Since retail sales of our new product line have fallen ...(15)... in the last few weeks, 
we are going to ask our customers to complete feedback forms 
to see why this is happening. 
I’d particularly like to know if our marketing ...(16)... 
has been alienating our ...(17)... customers. 
In all ...(18)... , it is the result of a general economic dip but we need to make sure 
as several customers have ...(19)... objections about 
the ...(20)... campaign we’ve been running. 
...(21)... mind that the campaign has been successful in attracting new customers, 
I do not want to lose long-term ones, 
some of whom I am ...(22)... certain are already looking for alternative products. 
In fact, social media these days can ...(23)... a great risk to a company’s reputation 
as it is very easy for one person ...(24)... themself, 
to tell the world about a company’s failings.
Question 15: A. reasonably B. fairly C. slightly D. relatively
Question 16: A. technique B. strategy C. launch D. placement 
Question 17: A. dependable B. loyal C. devoted D. responsible
Question 18: A. likelihood B. possibility C. luck D. prospects
Question 19: A. raised B. realised C. posed D. put
Question 20: A. advertising B. promoting C. publicising D. selling
Question 21: A. Don’t B. Never C. Doesn’t D. Forever 
Question 22: A. pretty B. greatly C. adequately D. effectively
Question 23: A. pose B. make C. offer D. give
Question 24: A. with B. by C. for D. as
BÀI 25: FAMILY LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES
Family life in the United States is changing. 
Fifty or sixty years ago, the wife was called a “housewife”. 
She cleaned, cooked, and cared for the children. 
The husband earned the money for the family. 
He was usually out working all day. 
He came home tired in the evening, so he did not do much housework. 
And he did not see the children very much, except on weekends.
These days, however, more and more women work outside the home. 
They cannot stay with the children all day. 
They, too, come home tired in the evening. 
They do not want to spend the evening cooking dinner and cleaning up. 
They do not have time to clean the house and do the laundry. 
So who is going to do the housework now?
Who is going to take care of the children?
Many families solve the problem of housework by sharing it. 
In these families, the husband and wife agree to do different jobs around the house, 
or they take turns doing each job. 
For example, the husband always cooks dinner and the wife always does the laundry. 
Or the wife cooks dinner on some nights and the husband cooks dinner on other nights.
Then there is the question of the children. 
In the past, many families got help with child care from grandparents. 
Now families usually do not live near their relatives. 
The grandparents are often too far away to help in a regular way. 
More often, parents have to pay for child care help. 
The help may be a babysitter or a day-care center. 
The problem with this kind of help is the high cost. 
It is possible only for couples with jobs that pay well.
Parents may get another kind of help form the companies they work for. 
Many companies now let people with children work part-time. 
That way, parents can spend more time with their children. 
Some husbands may even stop working for a while to stay with the children. 
For these men there is a new word: they are called “househusbands”. 
In the USA more and more men are becoming househusbands every year.
These changes in the home mean changes in the family. 
Fathers can learn to understand their children better, 
and the children can get to know their fathers better. 
Husbands and wives may also find changes in their marriage. 
They, too, may have a better understanding of each other.
Câu 36: Sixty years ago, most women ____________
 A. went out to work B. had no children
 C. did not do much housework D. were housewives
Câu 37: Nowadays, there are __________.
 A. more women going out to work than before
 B. more and more women staying with the children all day
 C. more work outside the home than before
 D. more housewives than before
Câu 38: The word “laundry” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ___________
 A. tidying up B. cooking and washing up
 C. washing and ironing D. shopping
Câu 39: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that__________.
 A. couples with low-paid jobs can’t afford the cost of a babysitter or a day-care center
 B. grandparents can help care the children in a regular way
 C. all couples with jobs can pay for help from a babysitter or a day-care center
 D. in the past, grandparents did not help the couples with child care
Câu 40: The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to _______________
 A. husbands who stop working to stay with the children
 B. fathers who spend more time with their children
 C. parents who work part-time
 D. children who spend more time with fathers than mothers
Câu 41: The changes in the American home mentioned in this passage may ___________
 A. help families B. not happen
 C. cause problems for a marriage D. not change the children at all
Câu 42: This article is about ________
 A. American men as househusbands B. housewives in America
 C. how more American women are working D. how family life in America is changing
BÀI 26: Keeping your distance
Personal space is a term that refers (24) . the distance we like 
to keep between ourselves and other people. 
When (25) . we do not know well gets too close, 
we usually begin to feel uncomfortable. 
If a business colleague comes closer than 1.2 meters, 
the most common response is to move (26)  . 
Some interesting (27) .. have been done in libraries. 
If strangers come too close, many people get up and leave the building; 
others use different methods such as turning their back on the intruder. 
Living in cities has made people develop new skills for dealing with situations 
where they are very close to strangers. 
Most people on crowded trains try not to look at strangers; they avoid skin contact, 
and apologize if hands touch by mistake. 
People use newspapers (28) .. a barrier between themselves and other people, 
and if they do not have one, they stare into the distance, 
making sure they are not looking into anyone’s eyes.
Câu 24: A. from B. about C. to D. for
Câu 25: A. people B. anyone C. someone D. nobody
Câu 26: A. up B. away C. on D. in
Câu 27: A. survey B. questionnaires C. research D. studies
Câu 28: A. like B. alike C. as D. such as
BÀI 27: SPEAKER
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, 
which includes imparting information by use of language, 
communicating with a group or an individual 
and specialized communication through performance. 
A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, 
by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, 
by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, 
and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, 
and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. 
When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate 
uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. 
At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings 
over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. 
Here the participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect 
intuitive sympathy or antipathy, 
lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, 
all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. 
Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized
with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and / or gesture. 
The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, 
in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy 
will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, 
perception of others, and emotional health. 
Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, 
aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. 
Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, 
a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. 
How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy 
in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, 
by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. 
Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, 
by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, 
and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
Câu 36: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The function of the voice in performance B. Communication styles 
C. The connection between voice and personality D. The production of speech 
Câu 37: What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect 
ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen" ?
A. Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are. 
B. The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words. 
C. A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication. 
D. Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas. 
Câu 38: The word "Here" in line 9 refers to
A. At interpersonal levels B. the tone C. ideas and feelings D. words chosen
Câu 39: Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" ?
A. As examples of public performance B. As examples of basic styles of communication 
C. To contrast them to singing D. To introduce the idea of self-image 
Câu 40: According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be 
an indication of a person's
A. general physical health B. personality C. registered D. obtained
Câu 41: According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide
A. hostility B. shyness C. friendliness D. strength 
Câu 42: The word "drastically" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
A. frequently B. exactly C. severely D. easily 
Câu 43: According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
A. Lethargy B. Depression C. Boredom D. Anger
BÀI 28: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Harvard University, today recognized as part of the top echelon of 
the world's universities, came from very inauspicious and humble beginning. 
This oldest of American universities was founded in 1636, just sixteen years 
after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. 
Included in the Puritan emigrants to the Massachusetts colony during this period were 
more than 100 graduates of England's prestigious Oxford and Cambridge universities, 
and these universities graduates in the New Word were determined that 
their sons would have the same educational opportunities 
that they themselves had had. 
Because of this support in the colony for an institution of higher learning, 
the General Court of Massachusetts appropriated 400 pounds for a college 
in October of 1636 and early the following year decided on 
a parcel of land for the school; 
this land was in an area called Newetowne, which was later renamed Cambridge 
after its English cousin and is the site of the present-day university. 
When a young minister named John Harvard, 
who came from the neighboring town of Charlestowne, 
died from tuberculosis in 1638, he willed half of his estate of 
1,700 pounds to the fledgling college. 
In spite of the fact that only half of the bequest was actually paid, 
the General Court named the college 
after the minister in appreciation for what he had done. 
The amount of the bequest may not have been large, 
particularly by today's standard, but it was 
more than the General Court had found it necessary to appropriate 
in order to open the college. 
Henry Dunster was appointed the first president of Harvard in 1640, 
and it should be noted that in addition to serving as president, 
he was also the entire faculty, with an entering freshmen class of four students. 
Although the staff did expand somewhat, for the first century of its existence 
the entire teaching staff consisted of the president and three or four tutors.
Câu 22: The main idea of this passage is that ______________ .
A. Harvard University developed under the auspices of the General Court of Massachusetts
B. What is today a great university started out small
C. John Harvard was key to the development of a great university
D. Harvard is one of the world's most prestigious universities.
Câu 23: The passage indicates that Harvard is _______________
A. one of the oldest universities in the world B. the oldest university in the world
C. one of the oldest universities in America D. the oldest university in America
Câu 24: It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans who traveled to the
Massachusetts colony were _________________
A. rather rich B. Rather well educated
C. rather supportive of the English government D. rather undemocratic
Câu 25: The pronoun "they" in the second paragraph refers to _______________
A. son	 B. university graduates
C. Oxford and Cambridge universities	 D. educati