10 Bài ôn luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT Quốc gia năm 2017 - Phần: Đọc hiểu 4

THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT - 2017
PHẦN : ĐỌC HIỂU (4)
I. NOTE:
Các bài đọc hiểu được trình bày theo kiểu xuống dòng từng câu và tách dòng từng đoạn, 
khoảng cách dòng và kiểu chữ vừa phải. 
Nhờ đó các bạn học sinh đọc bài, dịch bài và hiểu nội dung một cách dễ dàng. 
Nâng cao được khả năng viết câu, phân tích câu và hiểu được nội dung của câu.
II. NGUYÊN TẮC:
- Khi gặp tiếng Anh, đầu tiên ta phải biết các từ đơn lẻ : house, go, nice, at, happily 
- Các từ đơn lẻ gồm 5 loại : danh từ, động từ, tính từ, giới từ và trạng từ
- Các từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu: câu có hành động HOẶC câu không có hành động
- Nhiều câu ghép lại thành đoạn văn
- Nhiều đoạn văn ghép lại thành bài văn
III. TÌM HIỂU 5 LOẠI TỪ ĐƠN LẺ:	
Khi tra từ điển sẽ biết thuộc từ loại nào, cách đọc, dấu nhấn, ý nghĩa, cách dùng và ví dụ.
(Từ điển chuẩn: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)	
1. Danh từ	(n)	: là từ chỉ người hoặc vật (vật bao gồm động vật, thực vật, đồ vật, sự việc)	
2. Động từ 	(v)	: là từ chỉ hoạt động	
3. Tính từ 	(adj)	: là từ chỉ tính chất	
4. Giới từ	(prep)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian	
	Giới từ hay đi kèm với 1 danh từ theo sau	
	Giới từ bao gồm khoảng 30 từ: at, on, in, about, from, to, with, without 	Ex: in the kitchen, on Monday	
5. Trạng từ	(adv)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian nhưng không cần giới từ đứng trước	 adv = prep + n	
	Ex:	
	upstairs 	ở trên lầu	yesterday	vào hôm qua
	downstairs 	ở dưới lầu	today	vào hôm nay
	Ngoài ra, trạng từ còn chỉ cách thức, mức độ của hành động và thường	
	được tạo ra bằng cách thêm "LY" vào tính từ.	
IV. TÌM HIỂU 2 KIỂU CÂU: (lấy 5 kiểu từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu)
1. Câu có hành động:
S + V + (O)
(O đóng mở ngoặc có nghĩa là có thể có hoặc không đều được)
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật gây ra hành động 	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
Động từ (V)	: là hành động trong câu	à Lấy động từ bỏ vào
Tân ngữ (O)	: là người hoặc vật bị tác động bởi hành động	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
(Trong tiếng Anh hay chọn các S và O đơn giản và cũng chọn các V đơn giản)	
Ex:	I read books.	
 	She sleeps.	
2. Câu không có hành động:
(Đọc lên không thấy có hành động "ăn / chơi / chạy / nhảy "
mà chỉ có trạng thái, cảm xúc hoặc sự tồn tại)	
	 - n
S + be +	- adj	(1 trong 3 lựa chọn này sẽ đi với be)
	 - prep + n
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật mang trạng thái cảm xúc	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
be 	: đại diện cho sự việc không có hành động	à am/is/are trong hiện tại
Ex:	I am a student.	
She is beautiful.	
They are in the room.	
3. Thành phần phụ trong câu:
Ngoài ra, ta có thể thêm các thành phần phụ vào cuối câu (câu có hành động 
hoặc câu không có hành động) để làm cho câu có nhiều thông tin hơn.
Các thành phần phụ bao gồm nơi chốn, thời gian,  (nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian)
Các thành phần phụ hầu hết được tạo ra bằng cách lấy "prep + n"
(Nếu khuyết 1 trong 2 thì gọi là trạng từ) : 
prep + n = adv
Ex:	I play football with my friends in the park at 3 p.m. today.
There is a book on the table.
V. EXERCISES: Dịch các bài đọc hiểu sau và trả lời các câu hỏi bên dưới:
BÀI 31: SURVEY
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, 
which provides information concerning how people think and act. 
In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. 
As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, 
these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews 
on local television news shows. 
While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily 
an accurate indication of public opinion. 
First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. 
Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, 
or factory workers, depending on which area the new people select. 
Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people 
who are willing to appear on the air, 
while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. 
A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling 
if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
Question 41. The main purpose of the passage is to__________.	
A. define what a survey is B. decide what a survey is
C. explain the kinds of opinion D. reflect a broad range of the population
Question 42. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of 
person-on-the-street interviews is that they__________.	
A. are not based on a representative sampling B. reflect political opinions
C. are not carefully worded	 D. are used only on television
Question 43. According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires 
is that live interviews__________.
A. minimize the influence of the researcher B. are easier to interpret	
C. costless D. can produce more information
Question 44. The word "precise" is closest in meaning to__________.	
A. accurate B. rational C. required D. planned
Question 45. The word "they" refers to___________.	
A. interviews B. opinions C. news shows D. North Americans
BÀI 32: HUMAN AND MACHINE IN THE FUTURE
Over the next 20 to 50 years, it will become harder to tell the (33) _______ 
between the human and the machine. 
All body (34) _____ will be replaceable. 
Computers will function like the human (35) _____ with the ability 
to recognize feelings and respond in a feeling way. 
They will then produce fake people. 
We will then be able to create a machine duplicate of ourselves, 
(36) _______ we will appear to be alive long after we are dead. 
Maybe a few decades later, a way will be found to transfer our spirit, 
including our memories and thoughts to the new body. 
Then we can choose to live for as (37) 	 as we want.
Question 33. A. variety B. change C. difference D. appearance
Question 34. A. region B. place C. role D. parts
Question 35. A. brain B. limb C. skull D. liver
Question 36. A. such B. as C. so D. but
Question 37. A. long B. far C. much D. soon
BÀI 33: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was built on the use of machines in factories. 
Since the 1950s, Britain's (24)_______ industries have replaced 
machine operators with computers, and this (25)_______ has led to 
a decline in the number of (26)_______ in many factories. 
Goods are bought and used much more than ever before but a lot of these goods are imported. 
By the beginning of the 20th century, other industrial countries like the USA 
were (27)_______ with Britain's exports, and countries in the Far East 
have been able to provide cheaper (28)_______ since the 1970s. 
Areas located with heavy industries are suffering high unemployment. 
During the last 30 years, there has been a constant rise in smaller industries 
(29)_______ as "light industries". 
These ones use electricity and are not (30)_______ on raw materials such as coal 
so they are "footloose", i.e. they can be located anywhere. 
They produce such things as washing machines or spare (31)_______ 
Some of these industries produce nothing at all, but provide services like distribution. 
The consumer boom of the 1980s and the increased leisure time of most Britons 
have led to rapid (32)_______ in service industries like banking, tourism, 
retailing and information processing, and in industries which distribute, 
maintain, and repair (33)_______ consumer goods. 
Question 24:A. manufacturing B. big C. large D. running 
Question 25: A. replacement B. change C. exchange D. automation 
Question 26: A. employers B. employees C. labors D. servers 
Question 27: A. working B. familiar C. competing D. fed up 
Question 28: A. things B. products C. produce D. imports 
Question 29: A. considered B. regarded C. known D. worked 
Question 30: A. dependent	 B. reliable C. dependable D. command 
Question 31:A. details B. parts C. sections D. gadgets 
Question 32:A. growth B. increase C. expansion D. extension 
Question 33:A. everyday B. home C. household D. expensive
BÀI 34: MARS
Of the six outer planets, Mars, commonly called the red planet, is the closest to Earth. 
Mars, 4,200 miles in diameter and 55 percent of the size of Earth, 
is 34,600,000 miles from Earth, and 141,000,000 miles from the Sun. 
It takes this planet, along with its two moons, Phobos and Deimos, 
1.88 years to circle the Sun, compared to 365 days for the Earth.
For many years, Mars had been thought of as the planet with the man-made canals, 
supposedly discovered by an Italian astronomer, Schiaparelli, in 1877. 
With the United States spacecraft Viking I’s landing on Mars in 1976, 
the man-made canal theory was proven to be only a myth.
Viking I, after landing on the soil of Mars, performed many scientific experiments 
and took numerous pictures. 
The pictures showed that the red color of the planet is due to the reddish, rocky Martian soil. 
No biological life was found, though it had been speculated by many scientists. 
The Viking also monitored many weather changes including violent dust storms. 
Some water vapor, polar ice, and permafrost (frost below the surface) were found, 
indicating that at one time there were significant quantities of water on this distant planet. 
Evidence collected by the spacecraft shows some present volcanic action, 
though the volcanoes are believed to be dormant, if not extinct.
Question 36: All of the following are true EXCEPT__________.
A. Mars is larger than Earth B. It takes longer for Mars to circle the Sun than it takes Earth
C. Mars has two moons D. Martian soil is rocky
Question 37: Man-made canals were supposedly discovered by__________.
A. Schiaparelli B. Phobos C. Viking I D. Martian
Question 38: The word “supposedly” in the passage is closest meaning to__________.
A. actually B. unquestionably C. formerly D. presumably
Question 39: Mars has been nicknamed__________.
A. Martian B. Viking I C. Deimos D. the red planet
Question 40: The Viking I exploration accomplished all of the following EXCEPT_________.
A. discovering large quantities of polar ice and permafrost B. monitoring weather conditions
C. collecting information showing volcanic action D. performing scientific experiments
Question 41: The word “myth” in the passage is closest meaning to__________.
A. fact B. event C. enigma D. legend
Question 42: It can be inferred from the passage that the radius of Mars is__________.
A. 141,000,000 miles B. 34,600,000 miles C. 4,200 miles D. 2,100 miles
Question 43: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Scientists are no longer interested in the planet because there is no life on it.
B. Fairly recent studies of this planet reveal data that contradict previously held theories.
C. Very little of the Martian landscape has changed over the years.
D. Scientists are only speculating about the red planet.
Question 44: The word “monitored” is nearest in meaning to__________.
A. censored B. programmed C. televised D. observed
Question 45: Schiaparelli came from__________.
A. Mars B. Italian C. Italy D. Martian
BÀI 35: FREYA STARK – AN EXTRAORDINARY WOMAN
Freya Stark (1893- 1993) was an extraordinary woman 
who ventured into (31)_______ areas where few Europeans had ever (32)_______ foot. 
Born in Paris, brought up in Italy, and educated in London, 
she was already multilingual before deciding to learn Arabic (33)_______ the end of 30. 
She traveled (34)_______ through Greece, Italy and Cyprus. 
However, her passion was for exploring ancient lands of the Middle East. 
She was determined to make contact with the tribes that populated the area 
before their traditional (35)_______ of life vanished forever. 
She led expeditions into the most dangerous areas and despite the risks 
(she was even thrown into a military prison on one occasion), 
she always returned safe and (36)_______ . 
During her travels, she completed a (37)_______ across the Valley of the Assassins, 
famous not only for its rough terrain but (38)_______ for its murderous inhabitants, 
and followed in the (39)_______ of Alexander, the Great. 
In her long career she produced maps, discovered lost cities, 
and worked as a spy and propagandist, 
although it is as a travel writer that she is best remembered. 
She died at the age of 100, (40)_______ most women of her generation in more ways than one.
Question 31: A. remote B. outward C. wide D. far
Question 32: A. placed B. got C. set D. put
Question 33: A. with B. on C. at D. in
Question 34: A. deliberately B. privately C. extensively D. broadly
Question 35: A. nature B. way C. route D. type
Question 36: A. again B. back C. round D. sound
Question 37: A. transfer B. turn C. trek D. track
Question 38: A. neither B. also C. and D. nor
Question 39: A. departure B. footsteps C. time D. trail
Question 40: A. outstaying	 B. outweighing C. outliving D. outnumbering
BÀI 36: SMALL MOBILE PHONES
If it fits inside a pocket, keeps you safe as well as in touch with your office, 
your mother and your children, it is (31)________ worth having. 
This is the (32)________ of the dwelling ranks of female mobile-phone users 
who are beginning to (33)________ the consumer market. 
Although Britain has been (34)________ to be one of the most expensive places 
in the world to run a mobile phone, both professional women 
and (35)________ mothers are undeterred. 
At first, the mobile phone was a rich man’s plaything, or a businessman’s (36)________ symbol. 
Now women own almost as many telephones as men do - but for very different reasons. 
The main (37)________ for most women customers is that it provides 
 form of communications back-up, wherever they are, in case of contingency. 
James Tanner of Tancroft Communications says: 
“The majority of people buying phones from us this year were women – 
often young women – or men who were buying for their mothers, wives and girlfriends. 
And it always seems to be a question of (38)________ of mind.”
Size is also (39)________ for women.
They want something that will fit in a handbag,” said Mr. Tanner. 
“The tiny phones coming in are having a very big (40)________. 
This year’s models are only half the size of your hand.”
Question 31. A. totally B. certainly C. absolutely D. completely
Question 32. A. vision B. vista C. view D. conception 
Question 33. A. master B. dominate C. overbear D. command 
Question 34. A. demonstrated B. seen C. established D. shown
Question 35. A. complete B. total C. absolute D. full-time
Question 36. A. status B. fame C. power D. prestige 
Question 37. A. attraction B. enticement C. charm D. lure 
Question 38. A. tranquility B. calmness C. peace D. serenity 
Question 39. A. necessary B. crucial C. urgent D. essential 
Question 40. A. impression B. perception C. impact D. image 
BÀI 37: EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks 
on their faces or by their actions. 
This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know 
how to respond to them. 
Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations 
and to convey our intentions to others. 
But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis 
as it does in Madagascar? 
Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. 
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, 
people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. 
Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share 
a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to 
the common biological heritage of the human species. 
Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people 
in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, 
the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea , 
and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. 
Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize 
at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, 
disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. 
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context 
and intensity of emotional displays – the so called display rules. 
In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses – 
especially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged 
to express their feelings more openly. 
Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, 
to some degree, in people’s behavior. 
From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings. 
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. 
Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, 
they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. 
This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities 
to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. 
Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, 
some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. 
Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses 
carry different meanings in different cultures. 
For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? 
For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. 
Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, 
while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. 
Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
Question 55: According to the passage, we respond to others by____________.
A. observing their looks C. watching their actions 
B. observing their emotional expressions D. looking at their faces
Question 56: Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer 
the question whether____________.
A. different cultures have similar emotional expressions. 
B. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
C. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth. 
D. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar. 
Question 57: The word “evolved” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to____________.
A. reduced B. increased C. simplified D. developed 
Question 58: Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of____________.
A. lacked many main ingredients 	 
C. researchers who can speak and understand many languages
B. researchers on universal language 
D. investigators on universal emotional expressions
Question 59: Smiles and frowns____________.
A. are universal expressions across cultures C. are not popular everywhere
B. have different meanings in different cultures D. do not convey the same emotions
Question 60: The biggest difference lies in____________.
A. how long negative emotions are displayed B. how intensive emotions are expressed 
C. how emotional responses are controlled D. how often positive emotions are shown 
Question 61: Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to____________.
A. control their emotions B. display their emotions openly
C. conceal their positive emotions D. change their behavior 
Question 62: Young children____________.
A. spend a long time learning to read others’ emotions	 
B. are sensitive towards others’ emotions
C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions 
D. take time to control their facial expressions 
Question 63: The phrase “this evidence” in paragraph 3 refers to____________.
A. the fact that children are good at recognizing others’ emotions 
B. human facial expressions 
C. a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions 
D. the fact that children can control their feelings 
Question 64: The best title for the passage is____________.
A. Cultural universals in emotional expressions	
B. Ways to control emotional expressions
C. A review of research on emotional expressions 
D. Human habit of displaying emotions
BÀI 38: JAPANESE CULTURE
In summary, for most visitors, the Japanese are (32)_______ and difficult to understand. 
The graceful act of bowing, is the traditional greeting. 
However, they have also adopted the western custom of shaking hands, but with a light grip. 
Meanwhile, to (33)_______ respect for their customs, 
it would flatter them to offer a slight bow when being introduced. 
Avoid hugging and kissing when greeting. It is considered rude to stare. 
Prolonged direct eye contact is considered to be (34)_______ or even intimidating. 
It is rude to stand with your hand or hands in your pockets, 
especially when greeting someone or when addressing a group of people. 
The seemingly simple act of exchanging business cards is more complex in Japan 
(35)_______ the business card represents not only one's identity 
but also his (36)_______ in life. 
Yours should be printed in your own language and in Japanese. 
The Japanese are not a touch -oriented society; 
so avoid open displays of affection, touching or any prolonged form of body contact. 
Queues are generally respected; especially in crowded train and subway stations 
where the huge volume of people causes touching and pushing.
Question 32.A. simply B. easy C. cheap D. complex 
Question 33.A. show B. point C. draw D. pay 	
Question 34. A.impoliteness B.politely C.impolitely D. impolite 
Question 35.A. though B. because C. even if D. unless
Question 36.A. location B. Status C. place D. stand 
BÀI 39: CHILDREN FORCED TO BECOME GENIUSES BY THEIR PARENTS
If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, 
they will cause a disaster.
According to several leading educational psychologists, 
this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. 
Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail. 
Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, 
but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well – 
especially if the parents are very supportive of their child. 
Michael Collins is very lucky. 
He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts 
and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. 
They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. 
Michael’s mother knows very little about music, 
but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. 
However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling. 
Winston Smith, Michael’s friend, however, is not so lucky. 
Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston. 
They want their son to be as successful as they are 
and so they enter him for every piano competition held. 
They are very unhappy when he does not win. 
Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents 
and now he always seems quiet and unhappy.
Question 35: One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to_________.
A. push their child into trying too much B. help their child to become agenius
C. make their child become a musician D. neglect their child’s education
Question 36: Parents’ ambition for their children is not wrong if they_________.
A. force their children into achieving success B. themselves have been very successful
C. understand and help their children sensibly D. arrange private lessons for theirchildren
Question 37: Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents?
A.Successful musicians. B. Unrealistic parents.
C.Their children. D. Educational psychologists.
Question 38: Michael Collins is fortunate in that_________.
A. his father is a musician B. his parents are quite rich
C. his mother knows little about music D. his parents help him in a sensible way
Question 39: The phrase "crazy about" in the passage mostly means ______.
A."surprised at" B. "extremely interested in"
C. "completely unaware of" D. "confused about"
Question 40: Winston’s parents push their son so much and he_________.
A. has won a lot of piano competitions B. cannot learn much music from them
C. has become a good musician D. is afraid to disappoint them
Question 41: The word "They" in the passage refers to_________.
A. concerts B.Michael’s parents C. parents in general D. violin lessons
Question 42: All of the following people are musical EXCEPT_________.
A. Winston’s father B.Winston’s mother C. Michael’s father D. Michael’s mother
Question 43: The word "unwilling" in the passage mostly means_________.
A. "getting ready to do something" B. "eager to do something"
C. "not objecting to doing anything" D. "not wanting to do something"
Question 44: The two examples given in th