10 Bài ôn luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT Quốc gia năm 2017 - Phần: Đọc hiểu 5

THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT - 2017
PHẦN : ĐỌC HIỂU (5)
I. NOTE:
Các bài đọc hiểu được trình bày theo kiểu xuống dòng từng câu và tách dòng từng đoạn, 
khoảng cách dòng và kiểu chữ vừa phải. 
Nhờ đó các bạn học sinh đọc bài, dịch bài và hiểu nội dung một cách dễ dàng. 
Nâng cao được khả năng viết câu, phân tích câu và hiểu được nội dung của câu.
II. NGUYÊN TẮC:
- Khi gặp tiếng Anh, đầu tiên ta phải biết các từ đơn lẻ : house, go, nice, at, happily 
- Các từ đơn lẻ gồm 5 loại : danh từ, động từ, tính từ, giới từ và trạng từ
- Các từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu: câu có hành động HOẶC câu không có hành động
- Nhiều câu ghép lại thành đoạn văn
- Nhiều đoạn văn ghép lại thành bài văn
III. TÌM HIỂU 5 LOẠI TỪ ĐƠN LẺ:	
Khi tra từ điển sẽ biết thuộc từ loại nào, cách đọc, dấu nhấn, ý nghĩa, cách dùng và ví dụ
(Từ điển chuẩn: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)	
1. Danh từ	(n)	: là từ chỉ người hoặc vật (vật bao gồm động vật, thực vật, đồ vật, sự việc)	
2. Động từ 	(v)	: là từ chỉ hoạt động	
3. Tính từ 	(adj)	: là từ chỉ tính chất	
4. Giới từ	(prep)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian	
	Giới từ hay đi kèm với 1 danh từ theo sau	
	Giới từ bao gồm khoảng 30 từ: at, on, in, about, from, to, with, without 	Ex: in the kitchen, on Monday	
5. Trạng từ	(adv)	: là từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thời gian nhưng không cần giới từ đứng trước	 adv = prep + n	
	Ex:	
	upstairs 	ở trên lầu	yesterday	vào hôm qua
	downstairs 	ở dưới lầu	today	vào hôm nay
	Ngoài ra, trạng từ còn chỉ cách thức, mức độ của hành động và thường	
	được tạo ra bằng cách thêm "LY" vào tính từ.	
IV. TÌM HIỂU 2 KIỂU CÂU: (lấy 5 kiểu từ đơn lẻ ghép lại thành câu)
1. Câu có hành động:
S + V + (O)
(O đóng mở ngoặc có nghĩa là có thể có hoặc không đều được)
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật gây ra hành động 	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
Động từ (V)	: là hành động trong câu	à Lấy động từ bỏ vào
Tân ngữ (O)	: là người hoặc vật bị tác động bởi hành động	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
(Trong tiếng Anh hay chọn các S và O đơn giản và cũng chọn các V đơn giản)	
Ex:	I read books.	
 S V O
 	She sleeps.	
 S V
2. Câu không có hành động:
(Đọc lên không thấy có hành động "ăn / chơi / chạy / nhảy / nói / cười / ngủ / nhìn / hát / múa"
mà chỉ có trạng thái, cảm xúc hoặc sự tồn tại)	
	 - n
S + be +	- adj	(1 trong 3 lựa chọn này sẽ đi với be)
	 - prep + n
Chủ ngữ (S)	: là người hoặc vật mang trạng thái cảm xúc	à Lấy danh từ bỏ vào	
be 	: đại diện cho sự việc không có hành động	à am/is/are trong hiện tại
Ex:	I am a student.
 S be n	
She is beautiful.
S be adj	
They are in the room.
S be prep+n	
3. Thành phần phụ trong câu:
Ngoài ra, ta có thể thêm các thành phần phụ vào cuối câu (câu có hành động 
hoặc câu không có hành động) để làm cho câu có nhiều thông tin hơn.
Các thành phần phụ bao gồm nơi chốn, thời gian,  (nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian)
Các thành phần phụ hầu hết được tạo ra bằng cách lấy "prep + n"
(Nếu khuyết 1 trong 2 thì gọi là trạng từ) : 
prep + n = adv
Ex:	I play football with my friends in the park at 3 p.m. today.
 S V O prep+n prep+n prep+n adv
There is a book on the table.
S be n prep+n
 (There tạm coi là 1 S và dùng rất phổ biến để chỉ vị trí hay tình trạng, dịch là “Có ”)
4. Các S và O đơn giản trong tiếng Anh
Các từ sau cũng là DANH TỪ và làm S hoặc O thường xuyên dể mở đầu câu:
S
O 
Nghĩa
I 
me
tôi
we 
us
chúng tôi, chúng ta
you
you
bạn, các bạn
they
them
họ, chúng
he
him
anh ấy
she 
her
cô ấy
it
it
nó, trời / quãng đường / khoảng cách / trọng lượng / sự việc nói chung
there
-
có
this
this
cái này, người này
that
that
cái kia, người kia
these
these
những cái này, những người này
those
those
những cái kia, những người kia
Vy
Vy
tên riêng
Jane and John
Jane and John
tên riêng
parent 
parent 
danh từ số ít
parents
parents
danh từ số nhiều
Ex:
They meet me.
S V O
I meet them.
S V O
NOTE:
Tất cả các tên riêng, danh từ số ít, danh từ số nhiều thì đều thường xuyên thay thế bằng 
I / You / We / They / He / She / It 
trong các câu kế tiếp chứ ít khi dùng lặp lại chính chúng.
Ex: I know Peter. He is a good man. (He = Peter)
“There” tạm coi là 1 S và dùng rất phổ biến để chỉ vị trí hay tình trạng, dịch là “Có ”
(không có người hay vật đầu câu trong câu dịch)
Ex: There are 40 people. There is a computer. There is a beautiful girl.
V. EXERCISES: Dịch các bài đọc hiểu sau và trả lời các câu hỏi bên dưới:
BÀI 41: EDUCATION AND JOBS IN THE US SOCIETY
Upon the creation of the United States, one of the core concepts 
on which the hopes for the new democracy were pinned 
was the ideal that its citizens would be enlightened individuals 
with clearly articulated rights and the opportunity 
for individual achievement and education. 
It was believed that in a free nation where the power belongs to the people, 
the commitment to education defines the progress of that democracy 
and is the catalyst for future progress. 
This core value has not only stood the test of time but has also grown in importance. 
In this new Information Era and international economy, 
education is an increasingly vital commodity, 
a precursor of potential success and a driving force of chance. 
It is important to recognize, however, that we approach education today 
differently than in the past, partly because the kinds of jobs 
people had didn’t require the kind of 
basic education and specialized training that is often required 
in the workforce today. 
In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs 
were classified as professional, 
20 percent as skilled; and 60 percent as unskilled. 
Today, our world has changed. 
The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, 
while jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce. 
Even more important, almost every job today increasingly requires 
a combination of academic knowledge and practical skills 
that require learning throughout a lifetime.
Question 26. Education is defined in this passage as a driving force of chance because_________.
A. without education, no changes could have happened in American society so far.
B. the government of the United States wants to drive social changes in their own ways.
C. education has helped to bring about and orient most changes in the American workforce.
D. any American citizen who wants to changes his driving license 
must be very well-educated.
Question 27. The passage shows the percentage of jobs that require higher training 
in the US________ between 1950s and now.
A. has remained the same B. has changed dramatically 
C. has been reversed D. has changed slightly
Question 28. The phrase “enlightened individuals” in the first sentence most likely means 
“people who _________.”
A. always appear brilliant-looking in public B. have often been well-exposed to light
C. have acquired an adequate level of education D. bring light to anywhere they go
Question 29. In order to become a good American citizen today, in the author’s point of view, 
any individual must________.
A. know well all his/her rights and be ready to grasp his/her opportunity of success in life.
B. study carefully the history of American educational and 
vocational systems even since their creation.
C. understand thoroughly the combination of academic knowledge and practical skills.
D. move actively forward in the new Information Era and 
international economy with a prestigious diploma.
Question 30. Which of the following titles would be best for the passage?
A. Education and Jobs in the Past and at Present in the United States.
B. The Significant Role of Education in American Citizens’ Careers.
C. Academic Knowledge and Practical Skills in American Professions.
D. Recent Changes of Educational and Vocational Systems in America.
BÀI 42: FEMINISM
Feminism, collective term for systems of belief and theories that pay special (31)_________ to 
women’s rights and women’s position in culture and society. 
The term tends to be used (32)_________ the women’s rights movement, 
which began in the late 18th century and continues to campaign for 
complete political, social, and economic equality between women and men. 
This article (33)_________ specifically with the development of the ideas 
behind that movement and their influence and impact. 
Feminists are united by the idea that women’s position in society 
is unequal to (34)_________ of men, and that society is structured in such a way 
as to benefit men to the political, social, and economic detriment of women. 
However, feminists have used different theories to explain these (35)_________ 
and have advocated different ways of redressing inequalities, 
and there are marked geographic and historical variations in the nature of feminism. 
Historically, feminist thought and activity can be divided into two waves. 
The first wave, which began in about 1800 and (36)_________ until the 1930s, 
was largely concerned with gaining equal rights between women and men. 
The second wave, which began in the late 1960s, has continued to fight for equality 
but has also developed a (37)_________ of theories and approaches 
that stress the difference between women and men and 
that draw attention to the specific needs of women.
Question 31. A. notice B. attention C. benefit D. equality 
Question 32. A. in B. for C. at D. of 
Question 33. A. deals B. provide C. familiar D. initiates 
Question 34. A. that B. which C. it D. this 
Question 35. A. difference B. unequalities C. equalities D. inequalities 
Question36. A. widened B. spent C. lasted D. lengthened 
Question 37. A. kind B. sort C. range D. type 
BÀI 43: TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS ARE KILLING OUR LEISURE TIME
New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier 
are killing our leisure time. 
We are working longer hours, taking fewer and shorter vacations 
(and when we do go away, we take our cell phones, PDAs, and laptops along). 
And, we are more stressed than ever as increased use of e-mail, voice mail, 
cell phones, and the Internet is destroying any idea of privacy and leisure.
Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new labor-saving devices 
would free them from the burdens of the workplace and 
give them more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially – 
exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending more time 
with friends and family, and even just ‘goofing off’.
But here we are at the start of the 21st century, 
enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, 
and nothing could be further from the truth. 
The very tools that were supposed to liberate us have bound us 
to our work and study in ways that were inconceivable just a few years ago. 
It would seem that technology almost never does what we expect.
In ‘the old days’, the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer. 
People left their offices at a predictable time, were often completely 
disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as they traveled to and from work, 
and were off-duty once they were home. 
That is no longer true. 
In today’s highly competitive job market, employers demand increased productivity, 
expecting workers to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly 
via fax, cell phones, e-mail, or other communications devices. 
As a result, employees feel the need to check in on what is going on 
at the office, even on days off. 
They feel pressured to work after hours just to catch up on everything they have to do. 
Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, 
and have more and more reasons to worry about job security.
Bosses, colleagues, family members, lovers, and friends expect 
instant responses to voice mail and e-mail messages. 
Even college students have become bound to their desks by an environment 
in which faculty, friends, and other members of the college community 
increasingly do their work online. 
Studies of time spent on instant messaging services would probably show staggering use.
This is not what technology was supposed to be doing for us. 
New technologies, from genetic research to the Internet, 
offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities. 
But, when new tools make life more difficult and stressful 
rather than easier and more meaningful – and we are, as a society, 
barely conscious of it – then something has gone seriously awry, 
both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of 
how it should benefit us.
From “Summit 1” by Joan Saslow & Allen Ascher
Question 26: According to the first three paragraphs, technological tools 
that were designed to make our lives easier__________.
A. have brought us complete happiness B. have fully met our expectations
C. have not interfered with our privacy D. have turned out to do us more harm than good
Question 27: Which of the following is NOT true about technological tools, 
according to new surveys?
A. They make our life more stressful. B. They bring more leisure to our life.
C. They are used even during vacations. D. They are being increasingly used.
Question 28: The word “inconceivable” in the passage is closest in meaning to”_________”.
A. unforgettable B. unimaginable C. predictable D. foreseeable
Question 29: It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that_________.
A. it is compulsory that employees go to the office, even on days off
B. employees have more freedom to decide what time they start and finish work
C. employers are more demanding and have efficient means to monitor employees
D. life is more relaxing with cell phones and other technological devices
Question 30: The word “They” in the fourth paragraph refers to________.
A. employers B. employees C. workers D. tasks
Question 31: This passage has probably been taken from_________.
A. a science review B. a political journal C. an advertisement D. a fashion magazine
Question 32: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage? 	
A. Expectations and Plain Reality B. Benefits of Technology
C. Research on the Roles of Computers D. Changes at the Workplace
BÀI 44: LEARNING OUTDOORS IN KINDERGARTENS
Kindergarten is a fun place (31)________ young children learn. 
In some special kindergartens, children learn outside most of the day!
Some kindergartens are (32)_____ the forest. 
In these "forest kindergartens", children play freely. 
They're outside in all kinds of weather. 
At forest kindergartens, children learn by climbing trees and picking fruit. 
They also learn about and (33) ______ animals. 
For example, they collect chicken eggs and feed baby mice.
Little Flower Kindergarten is in Dong Nai, Vietnam. 
At this school, children learn about farming. 
They also learn that it is important (34)_____ healthy food. 
They grow vegetables in gardens - on the roof! 
They eat the vegetables they grow in their lunches.
At Fuji Kindergarten in Tokyo, Japan, trees grow inside the building! 
The classroom windows and sliding doors (35)______ open to the outside most of the year. 
The roof is a big, wooden circle. 
Children love to play and run on it.
Question 31: A. which B. where C. when D. why
Question 32: A. in B. on C. at D. by
Question 33: A. take on B. take over C. take after D. take care of 
Question 34: A. to eat B. eating C. ate D. eaten
Question 35: A. make B. stay C. do D. be
BÀI 45: GLOBALIZATION
Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its entirety. 
Instead, critics of globalization believe aspects of the way 
globalization operates should be changed. 
The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing 
the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved.
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of 
removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital 
to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. 
With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded 
from the rich countries to the developing countries. 
Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes 
make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. 
Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. 
More competition keepssellers on their toes and allows ideas 
and new technology to spread and benefit others.
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as 
producing greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, 
cultural destruction, and environmental damage. 
They say that the most developed nations – the United States, Germany, and Japan – 
succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies. 
They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, 
Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies 
that did not follow neo-liberalism. 
These critics think that government encouragement of “infant industries” – 
that is, industries that are just beginning to develop – 
enables a country to become internationally competitive.
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that 
the inflow and outflow of money from speculative investors 
must be limited to prevent bubbles. 
These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds 
that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. 
When the economy cannot sustain such expectation, 
the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country.
Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement 
are seldom directed against globalization itself but rather against abuses 
that harm the rights of workers and the environment. 
The question raised by nongovernmental organizations and protesters 
at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalization will result in 
a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes 
the form of lowering living standards and undermining environmental regulations.
One of the key problems of the 21st century will be determining to what extent 
markets should be regulated to promote fair competition, honest dealing, 
and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale.
From “Globalization” by Tabb, William K., Microsoft ® Student 2009 [DVD]
Question 38:It is stated in the passage that__________.
A. the protests of globalization are directed against globalization itself
B. the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant industries
C. supporters of globalization stress the benefits of removing trade barriers
D. critics of globalization say that the successful economies are all in Asia
Question 39:Supporters of free-market globalization point out that__________.
A. consumers can benefit from cheaper products	
B.there will be less competition among producers
C. taxes that are paid on goods will be increased	
D. investment will be allocated only to rich countries
Question 40: The word “allocated” in the passage mostly means “_________”.
A. removed B. solved C. offered D. distributed
Question 41: The phrase “keeps sellers on their toes” in the passage mostly means “__________”.
A. makes sellers responsive to any changes B. allows sellers to stand on their own feet
C. forces sellers to go bare-footed D. prevents sellers from selling new products
Question 42: According to critics of globalization, 
several developed countries have become rich because of__________.
A. their neo-liberal policies B. their help to developing countries
C. their prevention of bubbles D. their protectionism and subsidies
Question 43: Infant industries mentioned in the passage are__________.
A. successful economies B. young companies 
C. development strategies D. young industries
Question 44: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Critics believe the way globalization operates should be changed.
B. The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalization.
C. Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies. 
D. Hardly anyone disapproves of globalization in its entirety.
Question 45: The debate over globalization is about how__________.
A. to use neo-liberal policies for the benefit of the rich countries 
C. to spread ideas and strategies for globalization
B. to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community 
D. to terminate globalization in its entirely 
BÀI 46: MY SOCIABLE AUNT AND LISTENING SKILLS
My aunt is one of those people who can talk to anyone about anything. 
If she goes to a party where she doesn't know any of the people, 
she just walks up to the first person that she sees and introduces herself. 
And yet she doesn't seem to talk about deeply important things like politics or religion. 
She always starts off on something very obvious like the other person's job. 
Very soon she's talking as if she's known the other person for years. 
I asked her once what her secret was. 
She said that the most important thing in a conversation was listening. 
People love to talk about themselves, so if you allow them to do so, 
it's very easy to keep a conversation going. 
You have to listen very carefully and ask questions. 
And you have to look interested, too. 
So don't keep looking at other things in the room while you're talking to someone.
Another thing that I've noticed is that she only pays people compliments. 
She says: “I like your hair. Which hairdresser do you go to?” 
or “You look very well. Have you been on holiday?” 
Friendly messages like this seem to provide an easy way into a conversation.
Question 24. According to my aunt, the most important thing in a conversation was__________.
A. speaking B. discussing C. looking D. listening
Question 25. At parties where she does not know anybody, my aunt normally__________.
A. feels embarrassed and stays away from people
B. asks people to introduces themselves to her
C. comes over to the first person and introduces herself
D. sits alone and avoids talking to other people
Question 26. My aunt thinks that it's very easy to keep a conversation going if you__________.
A. let people talk about themselves B. let people hear about yourself
C. talk about politics or religion D. ask people about their secrets
Question 27. What should you NOT do when you have a conversation with someone?
A. Looking very interested in his or her story B. Looking at other things in the room
C. Listening very carefully and asking questions D. Paying him or her compliments
Question 28. According to the passage, my aunt often starts a conversation by talking about ________.
A. the other person's wealth B. the other person's health
C. the other person's daily activities D. the other person's job
BÀI 47: HARD TIME BEFORE CHRISTMAS
On December 10, 2006, I was going through some hard time. 
The landlady did not want to release the house any more 
so I had to (24)_________ and only had one month to find a place. 
Because Christmas was coming and it was difficult for me 
to (25)__________ a suitable accommodation. 
I had only some money (26)_________. 
I could not buy a Christmas tree and some presents for my three boys, 
(27)___________ I had to use the money to find a place to live. 
Tome, it broke my heart as I could not prepare the Christmas for my three boys. 
I have been their only parent since my husband (28)___________ away two years ago. 
I was so sad and everything was getting on my nerves. 
Although I managed to solve the problem myself, 
I could not help (29)___________ my sons about the things. 
When I suddenly woke up at midnight, 
I found my eldest son was sitting (30)___________ me. 
He kissed me and said, "Don't worry, Mum. 
We love you very much and always stand by you (31)___________ happens." 
At the moment I started weeping, grabbed him and kissed him. 
His words and love made me (32)___________ all about what I was stressing about.
In fact ever since that moment, I have realized that 
I can overcome any problems thanks to my sons' love. 
The most important thing of my life is that my boys are safe and healthy, 
and they bring me joy all the time. 
The memory (33)___________ me that nothing really matters, 
when I have the love of my children.
Question 24. A. transfer B. convert C. move D. change
Question 25. A. notice B. watch C. find D. see
Question 26. A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
Question 27. A. because B. although C. as though D. if
Question 28. A. passes B. passed C. has passed D. was passing
Question 29. A. tell B. to tell C. told D. telling
Question 30. A. by B. next C. over D. up
Question 31. A. whenever B. whatever C. whoever D. however
Question 32. A. forget B. to forget C. forgot D. forgetting
Question 33. A. remembers B. minds C. reminds D. misses
BÀI 48: DRIVING AGE
T