Bài giảng Giới từ Preposition

PREPOSITION
A:Giới từ đơn(in/at/from/)/Gới từ kép(into/thoughout)/Gới từ phái sinh(along/before)
Cụm gới từ(out of/because of/in order to/in front of/in spite of/in stead of)
B:-Gới từ đứng trước danh từ hoặc tương đương như danh từ
 -đại từ đi sau luôn dùng ở tân cách
 -sau gới từ danh từ số ít phải có mạo từ a/an
 -sau gới từ dungf danh từ hoặc danh động từ
 -câu nghi vấn có vấn từ/cấu trúc bị động thì gới từ đứng ở cuối câu
I/Preposition of place:(Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn)
1.at :ở (không chuyển động)(at the factory/the window/home/No37 Cotton street/school/stadium/Doson)
2.in : ở trong (không chuyển động)(in Hanoi/inEngland (dùng cho TP,vùng lớn,nước)/in the hand/town/the room/in the rain/in the sun/in good,bad weather/in the North/in the street....) 3.before:trước(before my eyes) 4.opposite:đối diện
5.out of:ở ngoài (the garden...) 6.in front of :trước mặt(in front of the house)
7.on:ở trên (tiếp giáp) (on the table/my head/the wall/the road/horseback ). 
8.over:phía trên,khắp ,vượt qua(over the wall/the world.) 9.across:ngang qua,qua,ở bên kia
10.under:dưới (the table/the trees) 11.near/by:gần ,gần xa
12.below:phía,mé dưới(the river below the bridge) 13.close to:sát cánh(live close to the door/my house(stand)
14.between:ở giữa (2 vật,2 người)(between Aand B)15. next to:cạnh(ngay ở trước)(the door/me)
16.among:trong số,trong đám (giữa nhiều vật) 17.behind:sau,nấp sau 18.along:dọc theo(the river/the road/the street) 19.far from:cách xa
 20.beside:cạnh(sit beside me/walk beside me) 21.about:khoảng,gần,mang theo
22.around:quanh,vây quanh,xung quanh 
II/Preposition of motion(Giới từ chuyển động)
1.to:đến ,tới,ra,cho,đưa cho,(hướng về nơi ấn định)(give to /come to/run to..)
2.towards:về phía(không nhất thiết tới nơi)(towards the sun/the city/the church)
3.from:từ (gốc từ 1 nơi)(from TN/a wall/from1to ten)
4.out of:từ, khỏi,rút ra (từ một nơi nào ra)(jump out of the bed/the shop/a book/a play/acup)
5.through:qua (trung gian)(the gate/you/park...)
6.at :chỉ sự cố gắng,chông đối,(look at me/laughat me/throw a stone at the dog)
7.againt:chống lại,xâm lược,ngược(aggression/the wind/play againt...)
8.up:lên cao (up hii and down dale/go up the river/up the stairs)
9.down:xuống(the tears run down her face)
10.by:qua,cạnh,đi qua,trôi qua(không dừng lại)(he walks by me without seeing me)
11.along:dọc theo
12.round:quanh,vòng quanh(fly round/go round)
13.into:đi qua(come into the room/into Veitnamese)
III/.Preposition of time(Giới từ chỉ thời gian)
1.before:trước (Sunday/breakfast/summer comes before Winter)
2.after:sau(dinner/summer comes after spring/after 10 o'clock)
3.from......to:từ....tới(morning to night/begining to end/time to time=sometimes
4.since:từ,kể từ(ngày giờ chính xác)(since midnight/his coming)
5.till/untill:tới,đến,cho đến(untill đặt đầu câu/khẩu ngữ dùngtill)
6.up to:cho tới(up to now)
7.for:trong,trong khoảng( số lượng thời gian,trả lời câu hỏi How long?)
8.during:suốt,trong suốt(trả lời câu hỏi when?)(day/week/the war)
9.by:lúc (thời gian đã định,không muộn hơn)(by next friday/by the end of the year)
10.in:về,vào (phần của ngày,mùa,năm,thế kỷ)(inthe morning/in autumn/in January/in 2000/in century/in time:kịp giờ)
 11.about:khoảng lúc,sắp sửa(about five/the fifth of May)
12.on:vào ngày chính xác,lúc(onSunday/on the everning of the8th/on a cold day/on the National day/New year's day/on night of friday)
13.at:lúc (chỉ giờ,vào thời điểm nào)(at six/at night/at noon/present)
IV/Preposition of manner(Giới từ chỉ cách thức)
1.with : với,cùng (bằng phương tiện)(go with smb/write with a pen/she answer with her eyes full tears)
2.without :không có(a hat/me) 6.according to:tuỳ theo
3.by: bằng ,bởi (tác nhân)(he was killed by a bus) 7.instead of :thay cho,chứ không
4.in :bằng (chất liệu)(Don't write your test in pencil) 8.on/about:về vấn đề
5.in spite of :mặc dầu(the rain,they went out) 9.except/but:trừ ra
V/Preposition of cause/purpose(Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân,mục đích)
1.for:vì,để(thanks for your letter/I invite him to our house for dinner/go for a walk)
2.because of:là vì 3.out of:bởi vì
4.from:vì 5.with (wet with rain)
6.though :nhờ có,do 7.in order to/to :để (they sit down to rest)
8.thanks to:nhờ có,do(thanks to our party and goverment,we have had a happy life).
VI/Giới từ sau các tính từ:
1.be afraid of/be fond of/be full of/be independent of/be pround of:(sợ,e ngại/thích/đầy/độc lập/ tự hào)
 2.be clear to/be grateful to/be important to/be lucky to/be harmful to(for):(rõ ràng/biết ơn ai/ 
quan trọng/may mắn/có hại cho ai (cái gì))
 3.pleasant to/similar to/necessary to/useful to(for)/open to/next to:(hài lòng/ tương tự/cần thiết/có ích cho ai (cho cái gì)/mở/cạnh, kề bên)
4.difficult for/famous for/good for:(khó/nổi tiếng/sẵn sàng/tốt cho)
 5.good at/bad at/clever at/excellent at/amused at/surprised at:(giỏi về/kém về/khéo léo/xuất sắc/vui về/ngạc nhiên)
 6.angry with/friendly with/bored with/fed up with/busy with/popular with/crowded with:(cáu giận/thân thiện/chán,chán ngấy/bận/phổ biến/đông)
7.excited about/happy about/sad about/worried(worry) about:(hào hứng/vui/buồn/lo lắng)
8.interest in/interested in/rich in/success,successful in:(thích,quan tâm/giàu/thành công)
9.absent from/different from/far from/difference between:(vắng mặt/khác/xa/sự khác nhau giữa)
10.keen on:(hăng hái)
VII/Giới từ sau đông từ:
1.belong to/differ from/succeed in/prevent sb from/depend on/die of/wait for/listen to/talk to/go to/speak to/borrow st from sb/agree with/laugh at/smile at/look forwards to/arrive at/arrive in/
live in(with,on,)/write to/(thuộc về/khác/thành công/ngăn ai/phụ thuộc vào/chết vì/chờ đợi/lắng nghe/nói chuyện/đi đến/mượn/đồng ý với ai/cười nhạo/mỉm cười/mong đợi/đến (at the station,airport,school)(in HN,VN,London....)
EXERCISES:
1.Everyday ,he goes............school ..........bike but today the weather is very bad ,he goes.........
school..............foot.
2.We come................school................Monday..................Saturday and ...................weekend we 
stay......................home.
3.We might have a picnic.It depends..................the weather.
4.She is tired..................living.............her own...............big city.
5.She is bored................looking...................a job because there are 50 applicants.............every job.
6.We are.............school ...............7 o'clock..................12 o'lock.
7.My village lies...................banks...................a river.My house lies..................two rivers.
8.I'm tired...................working.I want to go................holiday.
9.The old man often goes to sleep right..................dinner.
10.May I take this book...............your shelf? I bring it...............tomorrow.
11.We're leaving Hanoi.................HCM city...............2 o'clock this afternoon.
12.His opinion differs....................mine.(to/in/from/between)
13.The beach is crowded................tourists..............July.(for-in/with-in/of-in/with-on)
14.Have a nice holiday.Take care..............(in/at/for/of) yourself.
15.Bill is bored......................doing the same job for too long.(at/in/of/with)
16.Isaac Newton died...................1727...............the age..............85.(in-at-of/at-in-of/on-at-in/)
17.He is looking ..................his glasses to look...............the pictures..................the walls.
(for-after-on/after-for-at/after-at-on/for-on-at)
18.Would you like to go..............a walk............the park this afternoon?(for-at/for-in/to-in/to-at)
19.My children are important...................me.(for/to/with/by)
20.He is different....................his brother.(from/between/to/with)
21.My sister is interested..............reading novels.(at/to/in/with)
22.This car belongs.....................my mother.(with/in/on/to)
23.She likes going...............a picnic...................foot.(for-in/for-on/to-by/to-on)
24.Mary is fond (to/with/about/of) music. 25.Many pupils are bad................English.(at/in/for/with)
26.I came..............Monday............10 o'clock.................the morning.(in-at-in/on-in-at/on-at-in)
27.He walked...........the room ..........which we were sitting.(in-in/into-in/into-on/in-on)
28.We were classmates.She sat ...................me.(beside/next to/in/on)
29.It is necessary...............learn English now.(for/to/in/with)
30.Eating a lot of fruits is good................your health.(to/with/in/for)
31.Dalat is famous.......................flowers.(to/for/with/by)
32.She only likes sitting...................a fire.......................winter.(in-in/on-in/by-in/by-on)
33.My son is good.............all sports,but he is bad.............cooking.(at-in/in-at/at-at/with-at)
34.Wine is made..................grapes.(to/with/in/from) 35.This table is made....................wood.(from/of/in/to)
36.I don't agree..............you at all about that.(to/with/for/of)
37.I like to go......holiday........the beach........summer.(to-on-in/in-on-on/ on-on-in/for-on-in)
38.Wait.................me..............a few minutes.I'm busy.................the moment.
(to-in-at/for-in-at/of-for-in/for-for-at)
39.I paid $ 5..................this books.(to/for/by/with) 40.I shall meet you ..................the corner................the street.
41.It never snows.................Christmas. 42.My birthday is..................May 5th.
43.He always goes...............time.............the class. 44.Please write your name............the top of the page.
45.The room was full.......................people. 46.I would like to be independent.................everyone.
47.I'm tired...................waiting.................her. 48.This country is rich.............oil.
49.My cat is fond....................fish. 50.Elvis Presley grew ...................poor home.
51.He had fallen............love...............her when they were .............school.
52.Children like swimming ..................the water......................summer.
53.She isn't...............the room.She is.....................the garden.
54.He was standing..................the middle................the room when I came ...............
55.We get o lot of rain............November. 56.I can't see you ................Monday,I can see you.............weekends.
57.Some British irate people often complain.................the latest American TV.
58.Many university classes are taught....................English.
59.What's the matter.................you? 60.Look .................the board and listen.................me,please!
61.She live..................a small house....................her parents.She earns money.............singing.
62.What do you think..................the film which was..............TV last night?
63.At the moment she is talking................someone................the telephone.
64.The boys are fond ........swimming..........the hot days.They spend most ..........their time..........the water.
65.He arrived....London.....6 p.m......a foggy November day.We often have fogs... England....November.
66.He loves his job.He thinks..........his job all the time,he dreams............it,he talks.......it andhe is fed up with hearing..............it.
67.He died........heart failure............Tuesday night.His wife is still suffering...........shock.