Bài tập ôn về Câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh

REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)
Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nĩi trực tiếp.
Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngơi; khơng đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngơi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
I. Thay đổi ngơi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1. Ngơi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngơi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
 2. Ngơi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
 3. Ngơi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, khơng đổi
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es)
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P	
Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing
Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Future in the past - would + V1
Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Now
Here
This
These
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Last year
Tomorrow
Next month
Ago
Then
There
That
Those
That day
That night
The day before / the previous day
The year before / the previous year
The following day / the next day / the day after
The following month / the next month / the month after
Before
BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ
Subject
Object
Adjective possessive
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
My
your
his
her
its
our
their
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NĨI GIÁN TIẾP
1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
 - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
 Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O ”
 Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + .
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her ------------------------------------
 - Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + ”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 .
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
 → The teacher -------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Câu trần thuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
 Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” 
 → Tom said (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
 → She told me (that) -------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Câu hỏi
Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O.?”
 Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O .
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary --------------------------------
 “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan -------------------------------------------------
Wh – question
 Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?”
 Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
 → He asked me -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. advise SO (not) to do sth: (khuyen ai nen lam/ khong nen lam viec gi)
 * The doctor advised the patient to take those pills.
 * Teacher usually advises his/her students not to smoke.
2. apologise (to SO) for doing/ having done sth: ( xin loi ai vì da lam gi)
 * She apologized (to her boss) for being late yesterday.
 3. ask/ tell sO (not) to do sth: ( yeu cau, sai, bao ai lam/ khong lam gi)
 * My parents asked me to study hard.
 * Jason told us (not) to shut the door.
4. command/ order sO to do sth: ( ra lenh cho ai phai lam gi)
 * The officer commanded/ ordered his men to fire.
 5. object to (doing) sth: ( phan doi (lam) viec gi)
 * I strongly objected to being charged a fee for using my credit card.
 Object + that : I objected that he was too young for the job.
6. request sO to do sth: (yeu cau ai lam gì) – be requested to do sth : (duoc yeu cau lam gi)
 * The police requested drivers to take care on the icy road.
 ( Drivers were requested to take care on the icy road.)
7. suggest : goi y/ de nghi
 Suggest + V-ing: - He suggested taking the children to the zoo.
 Suggest + that : - I suggested that we (should) break for lunch now.
 Suggest (to SO) that: - I suggested to the others that they could join us.
 8. remind sO to do sth: ( nhac ai làm gi)
 * Please remind me to buy a loaf of bread.
9. deny doing sth/ deny that : phu nhan, khong thua nhan (da lamgi).
 * She denied knowing anything about it.
 * He denied that he had been involved.
10. accuse sO of (doing) sth: ( len an ai da lam gi)
 * The policeman accused the boy of stealing the bicycle.
 * Jason accused his neighbor of thief
11. regret: hoi han/ hoi tiec:
 - regret + V-ing : - I regretted (his) ever raising the matter
TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuơi)
1. Quy tắc chung:
- Câu nĩi và phần đuơi luơn ở dạng đối nhau
câu nĩi khẳng định, đuơi phủ định?
câu nĩi phủ định, đuơi khẳng định?
Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
 They can’t swim, can they?
- Chủ từ của câu nĩi là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng “they”
Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Ex:That is his car, isn’t it?
 These are your new shoes, aren’t they?
- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuơi
Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there? 
- Câu nĩi cĩ trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are ): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuơi
Ex: You will come early, won’t you?
- Câu nĩi khơng cĩ trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuơi
Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
 She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
- Câu nĩi cĩ chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuơi khẳng đ5nh
Ex: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuơi ở phủ định thì luơn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.
2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
- Phần đuơi của I AM là AREN’T I
Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I? 
- Phần đuơi của Let’s là SHALL WE
Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
+ dùng phần đuơi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời
+ dùng phần đuơi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you?
 Close the door, will you?
- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuơi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you?
- Phần đuơi của ought to là SHOULDN’T
Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?
EXERCISES
REPORTED SPEECH
1. Julia said that she ________ there at noon.
A. is going to be	B. was going to be	C. will be	D. can be
2. They asked me when _________ .
A. did I arrive	B. will I arrive	C. I had arrived	D. I can arrive
3. The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.”
---> The farmer said ____ her.
A. he had seen 	B. I hadn’t seen 	C. she didn’t see 	D. he hadn’t seen
4. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” 
 -- -> Mr Brown said that he _______ TV the night before.
A. was watching 	B. watched 	C. had watched 	D. has watched
5. The teacher said Columbus ________ America in 1492.
A. discovered	B. had discovered	C. was discovering	D. would discover
6. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that ...........................
A. she wants to give up her job.	C. she wanted to give up my job.
B. I wanted to give up her job.	 D. she wanted to give up
7.Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month .”
A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month.
B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month .
C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month.
D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month 
8. “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” 
---> Tom said that _________________________________________
A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go.
B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.
D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go.
9. Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?”
A. Mary asked John what would he do that evening.	
B. Mary asked John what John did that evening.
C. Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening.
D. Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening.
10. He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”
A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense.	 
B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense.
C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense.	 
D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense
11. “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister.
A. My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing.
B. My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing.
C. My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing.
D. My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing
12 . “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said.
A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately.
B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately.
C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately.
D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately.
13. The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been 	B. where he had been	C. where has he been 	D. where had he been
1) John said, “I want to attend a famous university.”
 à John said 	
2) “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter.
 à Mary told Peter 	
3) Alfred said to John, “I did not promise to send you a telegram.”
 à Alfred 	
4) "I will get myself a drink," she said.
 à She said 	
5) "I cannot drive them home," he said.
 à He said 	
6) "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said.
 à She 	
7) "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
 à He said 	
8) The father said, “I was on a business trip the whole day yesterday.”
 à The father 
9) “My brother will get married next month,” James said.
 à James 	
10) Henry said to his mother, “Come and spend a week with us.”
 à Henry told 	
11) He said to me, “Keep a seat for me in the lecture hall.”
 à He 	
12) Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.”
 à Mike 	
13) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
 à She 	
14) He said, "Don't go too far."
 à He 	
15) "Don't make so much noise," he said.
 à He 	
TAG QUESTIONS
1. You’re going to school tomorrow, ____________?
2. Daisy signed the petition, ___________________?
3. There’s an exam tomorrow, _________________?
4. He will be attending the university in September, ____________?
5. She’s been studying English foe two years, ___________________?
6. It doesn’t work, _______________?
7. Let’s go fishing, ____________?
8. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, _______________?
9. You will stay in touch, ____________?
10. You didn’t know I was an artist, _________________?
11. It is quite warm, ____________?
1. We should call Rita, _______________?
A. should we	B. shouldn’t we	C. shall we	D. should not we
2. Monkeys can’t sing, ______________?
A. can they	B. can it	C. can’t they	D. can’t it
3. These books aren’t yours, ____________?
A. are these	B. aren’t these	C. are they	D. aren’t they
4. That’s Bod’s, ____________?
A. is that	B. isn’t it	C. isn’t that	D. is it
5. No one died in the accident, ______________?
A. did they	B. didn’t they	C. did he	D. didn’t he
6. The air-hostess knows the time she has been here, ______________?
A. does she	B. isn’t it	C. doesn’t she	D. did she
7. This is the second time she’s been here, ______________?
A. isn’t this	B. isn’t it 	C. has she	D. hasn’t she
8. They must do as they are told, ________________?
A. mustn’t they 	B. must they	C. are they	D. aren’t they
9. He hardly has anything nowadays, _________________?	
A. hasn’t she	B. has he	C. doesn’t he	D. does she
10. You’ve never been in Italy, _________________?
A. have you	B. haven’t you	C. been you	D. had you
II.Rewrite:
I said, “ Are you planning to enter law school, Martha?”
à I asked___________________________________________ “What time does the movie begin?” Ed asked
à Ed_______________________________________________
Thomas said to us,”How can I help you?”
à Thomas_________________________________________
The little girl said,” I haven’t done my homework”
à The little girl_______________________________________
The woman said,” I must go home now to make the dinner.”
à The woman___________________________________
My father said,” Don’t spend too much money on your holiday.”
à My father______________________________________
“I’ll tell your mother I didn’t see you”, Jim said
à Jim_______________________________________________
The doctor said, “Please stay in bed for few days.”
àThe doctor________________________________________
Helen said to herself, “Am I doing the right thing?”
à Helen_______________________________________
Nancy asked, “Why didn’t you call me?”
à Nancy____________________________________________
Peter’s mother said to him, “ Be modest if you have talent.”
à Peter’s mother_________________________________
“Please don’t tell anyone what happened,” Tom said.
à Tom___________________________________________
Fred asked me, “Can we get tickets to the game?”
à Fred_____________________________________________
The teacher asked, “Bobby, what is the capital of Australia?”
à The teacher________________________________________
The doctor said, “Stay in bed until you stop coughing and sneeezing”
à The doctor___________________________________
“Come and see us if you want some help,” The old people said to the newcomer.
à The old people______________________________________
“How old are you, Mrs. Robinson?” the little boy said
à The little boy_______________________________________
He said, “Are you enjoying yourself?”
à He_______________________________________________
“Which book belongs to me?” the boy said.
àThe boy___________________________________________
She said “You are really a good friend of mine, Billy”
à She_________________________________________
VIII. CHANGE DIRECT SPEECH INTO REPORTED SPEECH. BEGIN EACH OF THE SENTENCES IN THE WAY SHOWN.
He said to me,”You took the money.” 
à He accused ______________________________________
The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary please?”
à The teacher asked __________________________________
The student said,”I’m sorry I’m late.”
à The student apologized ______________________________
Boddy’s father said to him, “Don’t forget to brush your teeth.”
à Boddy’s father reminded ___________________________
“I’ve always wanted to become a doctor,” Helen said
à Helen has always dreamed __________________________________
The nurse said to me, “You should consult a dermatologist.”
à The nurse advised _________________________________________________
“Don’t touch the hot plate,” I said to Ann
à I warned _______________________________________
The fire chief said, “Everyone must leave the building immediate ly.”
à The fire chief ordered ______________________________
The man said to the hunters, “Everyone stopped hunting and killing animals.”
à The man prevented__________________________________
The instructor said to the students, “You’ll have exactly one hour to complete the exam.”
à The instructor warned __________________________________
The boy said to the woman, “I’ve broken the window of your house.”
àThe boy amitted____________________________________
My parents often said to me, “Good for you! It’s good to be independent.”
à My parents encouraged ____________________