Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) Coz & Effects 2016 - Bài 7: Clauses Of Causes And Effects - Đỗ Bình

BÀI 7. CLAUSES OF CAUSES AND EFFECTS - MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
1. Cause and effect with “too”/ “enough”: 
a. too: Thường với “too” ta có cấu trúc câu sau:
S – be (look/ seem/ get/ become/) – too adj (for O) – to V
S – V – too adv (for O) – to V
e.g. 	He is too short to play football.
	The car was too expensive for him to buy.
	He drove too fast to stop immediately.
He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
b. enough: ta có cấu trúc câu sau:
S – be – adj enough (for O) – to V 
hay S – V – adv enough (for O) – to V
e.g. 	She isn’t old enough to drive a car. 
 	The exercises were not easy enough for us to do them without difficulty.
He spoke English well enough to be an interpreter.
He drove slowly enough to avoid crashing.
Lưu ý: “TOO” mang hàm ý phủ định “quákhông thể’ nhưng “ENOUGH” lại có nghĩa “đủđể”
2. Cause and effect with “so adj/ adv that”: 
S – V – so – adj/ adv – that S – V 
e.g.	The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation.
Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him.
The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
3. Cause and effect with “so few/ many – Ns that”: 
S – verb – so – few/ many – Ns – that – S – V 
e.g. 	The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.
We have so many guests that we have to borrow chairs from our neighbors.
He had received so few agreements that he couldn’t be appointed.
4. Cause and effect with “so much/ little – uncountable N – that”:
S – verb – so – much/ little – uncountable N – that – S – V
e.g.	He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
5. Cause and effect with “such – a(n) – adj – N – that”:
S – verb – such – a(n) – adjective – N – that S – V
e.g.	It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down.
6. Cause and effect with “so – adj – a(n) –N – that”:
S – V – so – adjective – a(n) – N – that S – V 
e.g.	It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
7. Cause and effect with “such –adj – Ns/ uncountable N – that”:
S – verb – such – adjective – Ns/ uncountable N – that S – V
e.g.	She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. The furniture was too old to keep. 
→ It was ________________________________________.
2. He can't afford to buy the car. 
→ The car ______________________________________.
3. The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night. 
→ Such is ________________________________________.
3. Alice lost all her hope; she decided to stop her business. 
→ Such was ______________________________________.
4. He is very strong. He can lift the box.
	→ He is __________________________________________.
5. He ate a lot of food. He became ill.
→ He ate ________________________________________.
6. He bought lots of books. He didn't know where to put them.
	→ He bought ____________________________________.
7. He is a very lazy boy. No one likes him.
→ He is such ____________________________________.
8. The coffee is too hot . I can't drink it.
	→ The coffee is too _____________________________.
9. Her voice is very soft. Everyone likes her.
	→ Her voice is so _______________________________.
10. He is so weak. He can’t run.
	→ He is too _____________________________________.
11. The tea was very hot. He couldn’t drink it.
	→ The tea was so ______________________________.
12. The weather is so bad that we can’t go out.
	→ The weather is too _________________________.
13. The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it.
	→ It was such _________________________________.
14. He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
	→ He was such ________________________________.
15. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.
	→ So fast ______________________________________.
16. The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other.
	→ The fair was too ____________________________.
17. You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words.
	→ You are such ________________________________.
18. It is so early that we can’t go out.
	→ It is too ______________________________________.
19. The water is too hot for me to drink.
	→ The water is so _____________________________.
20. The restaurant is expensive so we can’t eat in that restaurant.
	→ The restaurant is so _______________________.
Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. He studied badly and he couldn’t pass the exam.
	→ He studied so ______________________________________.
2. He isn’t very intelligent. He can do it.
	→ He isn’t _____________________________________________.
3. He has a lot of money. He can buy a car.
	→ He has so __________________________________________.
4. The room is so untidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
	→ It is	_________________________________________________.
5. The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
	→ He is________________________________________________.
6. The film is so long that they can’t broadcast it on one night.
	→ It is	_________________________________________________.
7. The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
	→ They are____________________________________________.
8. The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
	→ It was_______________________________________________.
9. The food was so hot that it burned my tongue.
	→ It was_______________________________________________.
10. There is so much rain that we can’t go out.
	→ It____________________________________________________.
11. The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
	→ He is________________________________________________.
12. The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
	→ It is_________________________________________________.
13. The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
	→ It was_______________________________________________.
14. There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
	→ So many people ___________________________________.
15. The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
	→ It was_______________________________________________.
16. They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
	→ So much____________________________________________.
17. Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
	→ Alice had such______________________________________.	
18. The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
	→ She was_____________________________________________.
19. The boy is too young to walk to school alone.
	→ He was so young___________________________________.
20. The car was very rusty and they could travel far in that car.
	→ The car was too_____________________________________.
Exercise 3. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. He had to leave his family_________ when he went abroad to work.
	A. behind	B. at a loss	C. at all costs	D. out
2. No child_________ the age of sixteen will be admitted to this film.
	A. below	B. except	C. before	D. lacking
3. I have lived near the railway for so long now that I've grown_________ to the noise of the trains.
	A. familiar	B. accustomed	C. aware	D. unconscious
4. The young soldier_________ a dangerous mission across the desert, although he knew that he might be killed.
	A. entered	B. undertook	C. agreed	D. promised
5. From the hotel there is a good_________ of the mountains.
	A. view	B. sight	C. vision	D. picture
6. There is a fault at our TV station. Please do not_________ your set.
	A. repair	B. change	C. adjust	D. switch
7. It is usually better not to_________ things, in case they are not returned.
	A. offer	B. lend	C. borrow	D. lose
8. She applied for training as a pilot, but they turned her_________ because of her poor eyesight.
	A. down	B. over	C. up	D. back
9. I lost too much money betting at the races last time, so you won't_________ me to go again.
	A. impress	B. urge	C. convince	D. persuade
10. We've_________ of time to catch the train so there's no need to rush.
	A. great deal	B. enough	C. very much	D. plenty
11. _________ goes the bus; now we will have to walk!
	A. Early	B. There 	C. At once	D. On time
12. The police have asked that_________ who saw the accident should get in touch with them. 
	A. somebody	B. someone	C. anyone	D. one
13. As the streets of our cities become busier, people are turning more and to the_________ bicycle.
	A. historical	B. old aged	C. elderly	D. old fashioned
14. We'll play tennis and_________ we'll have lunch.
	A. then	B. straight away	C. so	D. immediately
15. _________ of all of us who are here tonight. I would like to thank Mr. Jones for his talk.
	A. On behalf	B. On account	C. In person	D. Instead
16. He soon received promotion, for his superior realized that he was a man of considerable ________.
	A. opportunity	B. ability	C. possibility	D. future
17. Take the number 7 bus and get_________ at Forest Road.
	A. off	B. up	C. down	D. outside
18. Some people think it is_________ to use long and little -known words.
	A. sensitive	B. clever	C. intentional	D. skilled
19. Don't touch the cat, he may_________ you.
	A. scratch	B. kick	C. tear	D. scream
 20. These old houses are going to be_________ soon.
	A. run down	B. knocked out	C. pulled down	D. laid out
Exercise 4. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. The explorers walked all the way along the river from its mouth to its_________.
	A. cause	B. well	C. outlet	D. source
2. They haven't beaten me yet. I still have one or two_________ up my sleeve.
	A. defenses	B. jokes	C. traps	D. tricks
3. The law states that heavy goods delivery vehicles may not carry_________ of more than fifteen tons.
	A. sizes	B. loads	C. measures	D. masses
4. The Chairman was so angry with the committee that he decided to_________ from it 
	A. postpone	B. resign	C. prevent	D. cancel
5. The boy fell into the river and was_________ along the fast current.
	A. swept	B. thrown	C. swung	D. caught
6. There is no_________ in going to school if you're not willing to learn.
	A. point	B. reason	C. aim	D. purpose
7. Mr. Smith was_________ in a road accident.
	A. damaged	B. injured	C. wounded	D. wronged
8. The child was so noisy that his mother told him not to be such a_________.
	A. bother	B. worry	C. trouble	D. nuisance
9. I expect it will rain again when we're on holiday this year, but at least we are properly prepared_________ it this time.
	A. about	B. for	C. at	D. with
10. I'm sorry, I haven't got_________ change. Why don't you try the bank?
	A. lots	B. any	C. all	D. some
11. You_________ go to the dentist's before your toothache gets worse.
	A. rather	B. better	C. ought	D. ought to 
12. I saw a thief take Norman's wallet so I ran_________ him but I didn't catch him.
	A. over	B. near	C. after	D. into
13. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly_________.
	A. flavored	B. tasteful	C. delicious	D. desirable
14. She ranked to make an early_________ at the hairdresser.
	A. date	B. appointment	C. order	D. assignment
15. The safety committee's report recommended that all medicines should be kept out of the _________ of children.
	A. hold	B. reach	C. grasp	D. hand
16. He stood on one leg, _________ against the wall, while he took off his shoe.
	A. staying	B. stopping	C. leaning	D. supporting
17. Is it worth waiting for a table at this restaurant or shall we go_________ else?
	A. anywhere	B. otherwise	C. everywhere	D. somewhere
18. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing, but this year it looks as though we shall have a better_________.
	A. crop	B. amount	C. product	D. outcome
19. He opened the letter without_________ to read the address on the envelope.
	A. fearing	B. worrying	C. bothering 	D. caring
20. That's a nice coat, and the color_________ your well.
	A. fits	B. show	C. matches	D. suits
Exercise 5. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. He put a_________ against the tree and climbed up to pick the apples.
	A. grade	B. scale	C. ladder	D. staircase
2. If he drinks any more beer, I don't think he'll be_________ to play this afternoon.
	A. possible	B. skilled	C. capable	D. fit
3. There was a big hole in the road which_________ the traffic.
	A. sent back	B. stood back	C. held up	D. kept down
4. Is there a bank where I can_________ these pounds for dollars?
	A. turn	B. alter	C. exchange	D. arrange
5. She complained_________ when she heard that she had to work on Sunday.
	A. terribly	B. extremely	C. severely	D. bitterly
6. I am not sure, but_________ I know he has decided to accept the new job in London.
	A. on the whole	B. according	C. as long as	D. as far as
7. Do you know what time the train_________ to Birmingham?
	A. comes	B. reaches	C. gets	D. arrives
8. He was an_________ writer because he persuaded many people to see the truth of his ideas.
	A. accurate	B. unlimited	C. influential	D. ordinary
9. Workers who do not obey the safety regulations will be_________ immediately.
	A. rejected	B. refused	C. dismissed	D. disapproved
10. As far as I'm_________ it's quite all right for you to leave early.
	A. concerned	B. regarded	C. bothered	D. consulted
11. _________ from Bill, all the students said they would go.
	A. Except	B. Only	C. Separate	D. Apart
12. The blue curtains began to_________ after they had been hanging in the sun.
	A. melt	B. fade	C. dissolve	D. die
13. To our_________, Geoffrey's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared. 
	A. relief	B. anxiety	C. eyes 	D. judgment
14. It's six years now since the Socialists came to_________ in that country.
	A. control	B. command	C. power 	D. force
15. He has just taken an examination_________ chemistry.
	A. about	B. in	C. for	D. on
16. In spite of her protests, her father_________ her train for race three hours a day.
	A. insisted	B. caused	C. made	D. let
17. The shop assistant was_________ helpful, but she felt he could have given her more advice.
	A. totally	B. exactly	C. entirely	D. quite
18. I know him by_________ but I have no idea what his name is. 
	A. myself	B. chance	C. heart	D. sight
19. He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second_________ when it was offered.
	A. helping	B. sharing	C. load	D. pile
20. When the time came to_________ the bill at the hotel she found her purse had been stolen.
	A. pay for	B. pay up	C. pay out	D. pay
Exercise 6. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. You must_________ that your safety belt is fastened.
	A. secure	B. check	C. examine	D. guarantee
2. Learners of English as a foreign language often fail to_________ between unfamiliar sounds in that language.
	A. differ	B. distinguish	C. solve	D. separate
3. The old sailing boat was_________ without trace during the fierce storm.
	A. lost	B. crashed	C. disappeared	D. vanished
4. He_________ a rare disease when he was working in the hospital.
	A. suffered	B. caught	C. infected	D. took
5. Buy the new_________ of soap now on sale; it is softer than all others!
	A. model	B. brand	C. manufacture	D. mark
6. _________ you do better work than this, you won't pass the exam.
	A. If	B. Although	C. When	D. Unless
7. If you want to join the History Society, you must first_________ this application form.
	A. fill in	B. write down	C. do up	D. make up
8. He was afraid of losing his suitcase so he tied a_________ on it on which he had written his name and address.
	A. notice	B. mark	C. badge	D. label
9. Having looked the place_________, the gang went away to make their plans.
	A. over	B. down 	C. out	D. through
10. The play was very long, but there were two_________.
	A. interruptions	B. rests	C. gaps	D. intervals
11. The traffic lights_________ to green, and the cars drove on.
	A. removed	B. shone	C. turned	D. exchanged
12. The junior Minister's remarks on television about the strike_________ the Prime Minister so much that he was sacked.
	A. disagreed	B. disordered	C. disliked	D. displeased
13. It's a good idea to see your doctor regularly for_________.
	A. a revision	B. a check - up	C. an investigation	D. a control
14. It is a good idea to be_________ dressed when you go for an interview. 
	A. smartly	B. boldly	C. clearly	D. finely
15. A small_________ of students was waiting outside the class to see the teacher.
	A. gang	B. team	C. group	D. crowd
16. When he retired from his job the directors_________ him with a clock.
	A. presented	B. offered	C. satisfied	D. pleased
17. The new manager explained to the staff that she hoped to_________ new procedures to save time and money.
	A. establish	B. manufacture	C. control	D. restore
18. The policeman_________ me the way.
	A. said	B. directed	C. explained	D. told
19. It's an awful_________ your wife couldn't come. I was looking forward to meeting her.
	A. shame	B. harm	C. shock	D. sorrow
 20. He was in_________ of a large number of men.
	A. direction	B. leadership	C. management	D. charge