Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) Sent Transform 2016 - Chuyên đề V: Writing Skills - Đỗ Bình

CHUYÊN ĐỀ V. WRITING SKILLS
CHUYÊN ĐỀ VIẾT
Chuyên đề này đề cập đến một trong những điểm yếu cố hữu của học sinh, đây cũng là trở ngại lớn trong việc đạt điểm cao hoặc làm các câu hỏi mang tính phân hóa đối tượng, đó là chuyên đề về kĩ năng viết. trên thực tế, việc cải thiện kĩ năng viết không hề khó khăn như chúng ta nghĩ, mà trái lại, nếu có nền tảng kiến thức ngữ pháp, một vốn từ khá, một sự hiểu biết tương đối về các chủ đề cuộc sống, các vấn đề thời sự của thời đại thì việc đạt điểm cao phần này là không khó (trên thực tế số học sinh đạt trên 50% số điểm phần này là rất hiếm). Việc thực hiện nghiêm túc bốn chuyên đề trước đã nêu trong tài liệu này sẽ giúp học sinh tự tin hoàn thành tốt yêu cấu cải thiện kĩ năng viết và đạt kết quả thật cao trong kì thi THPT Quốc Gia môn Tiếng Anh.
BÀI 1. SENTENCES TRANSFORMATION - VIẾT LẠI CÂU
I. Introduction: Trong tiếng Anh, cũng như nhiều ngôn ngưc khác, ta có thể dùng nhiều cấu trúc lời nói khác nhau để diễn đạt cùng một ý, hay một lời nói. Nói cách khác một câu nói không đơn thuần chỉ có ý nghĩa duy nhất theo một cấu trúc ngữ pháp, mà câu nói ấy có thể được truyền tải theo một hình thức cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác nào đó mà vẫn giữ nguyên được ý nghĩa gốc của nó. Hình thức viết lại câu (sentence transformation) chính là hình thức viết lại một câu cho trước bằng một cấu trúc mới nhưng không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa ban đầu của câu ấy. Ví dụ như:
Câu gốc:	He has lived here since 1990. (the present perfect tense)
Câu viết lại:	He moved here in 1990. (the simple past tense)
→ Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng thì của động từ, động từ thay thế và trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
Câu gốc:	We can find him nowhere. (affirmative sentence)
Câu viết lại:	Nowhere can we find him. (inversion sentence)
→ Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ (inversion) để nhấn mạnh.
Câu gốc:	She is the most intelligent student in my class. (superlative degree)
Câu viết lại:	No one in my class is as intelligent as she is. (negative positive degree)
→ Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các hình thức so sánh với một tính từ.
Câu gốc:	“Don’t touch the wire, boys!” said Mr. Hung. (direct speech)
Câu viết lại:	Mr. Hung told the boys not to touch the wire. (indirect speech)
→ Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp.
II. Some transformative forms: Vài hình thức biến đổi câu trong tiếng Anh được miêu tả như sau:
1. Tense sentence transformation: Chuyển đổi câu qua chuyển đổi thì của động từ:
e.g.	a. We started working here three years ago. → We have worked here for three years.
b. This is the first time I have been on a plane. → I have never been on a plane before. 
c. That’s strange! My pen isn’t here! → That’s strange! My pen has disappeared! 
d. Nicky and Jan aren’t at this school any more. → Nicky and Jan have left this school.
2. Transformations using comparisons: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các hình thức so sánh.
e.g.	a. She is taller than I am.	→ I am not as tall as she is.
	b. He worked harder than his friends.	→ His friends did not work as hard as he did.
	c. This is the best film I have ever seen.→ I have never seen a better film than this one.
	d. She is the most kind-hearted woman among the ones you met.
	→ No one among those you met is as kind-hearted as her.
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề II, Bài 3.
3. Transformations using inversions: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các hình thức đảo ngữ.
e.g.	a. She can hardly understand what the teacher is saying.
	→ Hardly can she understand what the teacher is saying.
	b. Although he worked hard, he couldn’t feed the family.
	→ Hard as he worked, he couldn’t feed the family.
	c. They could not find the man anywhere.	→ Nowhere could they find the man.
	d. She rarely eats out.	→ Rarely does she eat out.
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề II, Bài 4.
4. Transformations using the passive voice: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu bị động.
e.g.	a. She can make a decision soon.	→ A decision can be made soon by her.
	b. Their car was stolen long ago.	→ Someone stole their car long ago.
	c. They will build a new school here.	→ A new school will be built here.
	d. She had her friends translated the message.→ She had the message translated by her friends.
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề III, Bài 5.
5. Transformations using the indirect speech: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu gián tiếp.
e.g.	a. “Go out, boys!” said the mother.	→ The mother told her sons to go out.
	b. “Would you like a cigar, Peter?” said Mike.→ Mike invited Peter a cigar.
	c. “Do you live here?” said the stranger.	→ The stranger asked if I lived there.
	d. The man said, “what do you do for a living, Nam?”
	→ The man wanted to know what Nam did for a living.
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề III, Bài 6.
6. Transformations using conditional sentences: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu điều kiện.
e.g.	a. If you don’t study hard, you will fail the final exam.
	→ Unless you study hard, you will fail the final exam.
	b. The test was too difficult for him to do well.→ He could do well if the test were not difficult.
	c. He isn’t here to help me.	→ If he were here, he could help me.
	d. I did not know the answer to tell him. → I would have told him if I had known the answer.
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề IV.
8. Transformations using other structures: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các mẫu câu khác.
e.g.	a. Mr. Ba is living next door. He teaches me English. (relative clause)
	→ Mr. Ba, who teaches me English, is living next door.
	b. Although it rained heavily, we arrived on time. (clause of concession)
	→ Despite the heavy rain, we arrived on time.
	c. He came early so that he could get a good seat. (clause of purpose)
	→ He came early to get a good seat.
	d. The test was too difficult for them to do well.
	→ The test was not easy enough for them to do well. (cause & effect)
Chú ý: Phần viết lại câu này đã được sử dụng trong các bài tập Chuyên đề IV.
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money. 
→ If it ____________________________________________________. 
2. He hasn´t eaten this kind of food since 1991.
→ He last _______________________________________________.
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. 
→ Hardly ________________________________________________.
4. Nick joined a golf club a year ago.
→ Nick has been _________________________________________.
5. While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time. 
→ Despite my ____________________________________________.
6. This will be my first visit to Brazil.
→ I've never _____________________________________________.
7. I’m sorry I missed your lecture. 
→ I’m sorry not _________________________________________.
8. I joined a yoga club six months ago.
→ I have been ___________________________________________.
9. We may not be able to give the concert.
→ The concert __________________________________________.
10. This will be her first time in Spain.
→ She has not ___________________________________________.
11. I was not surprised to hear that he had failed his driving test. 
→ It came ________________________________________________.
12. When did he start work?
→ How long is ___________________________________________?
13. I only recognized him when he came into the light. 
→ Not until ______________________________________________.
14. Our meeting is tomorrow.
→ We will ________________________________________________.
15. That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false. 
→ There is _______________________________________________.
16. David went home before we arrived.
→ When we ______________________________________________.
17. One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race. 
→ One runner was so ___________________________________.
18. How long ago did you buy your car? 
→ How long _____________________________________________?
19. My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known. 
→ I’ve ___________________________________________________.
20. I've only recently started wearing glasses. 
→ I didn't _______________________________________________.
Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. He bought his computer one year ago 
→ He has _________________________________________________.
2. They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do. 
→ We were _______________________________________________.
3. They started playing tennis three months ago. 
→ They have ______________________________________________.
4. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the man. 
→ Had it not ______________________________________________.
5. They had not been to South Korea before.
→ It is the ________________________________________________.
6. It is quite pointless to complain. 
→ There’s no______________________________________________.
7. I haven't been to the beach for a long time.
→ It's a ____________________________________________________. 
8. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer. 
→ Only after ______________________________________________.
9. He had not been to ballet classes before.
→ It was the ______________________________________________.
10. He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery. 
→ He received a __________________________________________.
11. I have never watched such a boring film.
→ It’s the most ___________________________________________.
12. You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar. 
→ There is no _____________________________________________.
13. My parents haven’t reached London yet.
→ My parents still haven’t _______________________________. 
14. She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well. 
→ She wasn’t so __________________________________________.
15. I haven't had a Chinese meal for ages.
→ It's ages ________________________________________________.
16. You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs. Hoa. 
→ Mrs. Hoa is ____________________________________________.
17. She’s been living in this village since 2009.
→ She moved ______________________________________________.
18. My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year. 
→ I was _____________________________________________________.
19. I last travelled to Mui Ne in January.
→ I haven’t ________________________________________________.
20. It was his incompetence which led to their capture. 
→ If he _____________________________________________________.
Exercise 3: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. I’m certainly not going to give you any more money. 
→ I have no __________________________________________________.
2. Charles has never had a tablet before.
→ This is the ________________________________________________.
3. Our hotel booking hasn’t been confirmed. 
→ We haven’t received _____________________________________.
4. They moved to this village five months ago.
→ They has been ____________________________________________.
5. The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday. 
→ According ________________________________________________.
6. It’s a long time since we went out.
→ We haven’t _______________________________________________.
7. The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude. 
→ There have _______________________________________________.
8. She started cooking as soon as her husband (had) left home.
→ She started _______________________________________________.
9. It’s not certain that Jones will get the job. 
→ It is open _________________________________________________.
10. I met my husband in 2001.
→ I have _____________________________________________________.
11. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made. 
→ No sooner ________________________________________________.
12. When you phoned me, it was my lunchtime.
→ When you phoned me, I _________________________________.
13. As I get older, I want to travel less. 
→ The older _________________________________________________.
14. We started working here three years ago. 
→ We have __________________________________________________.
15. A house in that district will cost you at least a million dollars. 
→ You won’t be able _______________________________________.
16. My mother has been studying English for 15 days.
→ My mother started ______________________________________.
17. Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness. 
→ Alan’s illness ____________________________________________.
18. Hurry up! We'll get to the theatre after the beginning of the play.
→ By the time we get ______________________________________.
19. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. 
→ As long as ________________________________________________.
20. This is the first time I have been on a plane. 
→ I have _____________________________________________________.
Exercise 4: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. She has never had a smartphone before.
→ This is ____________________________________________________.
2. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill. 
→ No sooner ________________________________________________.
3. We haven't been to the theatre for a long time.
→ It's a long _________________________________________________.
4. The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider. 
→ There has been ___________________________________________.
5. I haven’t been to the football match for three years.
	→ The last time ______________________________________________.
6. You think that fat people are always jolly but you are wrong. 
→ Contrary __________________________________________________.
7. He has never eaten this kind of food before.
→ It’s the first time _________________________________________.
8. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time. 
→ The less ___________________________________________________.
9. They got married ten years ago.
→ They have ________________________________________________.
10. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected. 
→ The patient made ________________________________________.
11. There's a party at Mary's house next week.
→ Next week ________________________________________________.
12. There isn’t a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, Madam. 
→ We are completely _______________________________________.
13. I started working for this company three years ago.
→ I’ve been __________________________________________________.
14. Their chances of success are small. 
→ It is not ___________________________________________________.
15. I became head of the university four years ago. 
→ I have _____________________________________________________.
16. The rail workers do not intend to call off their strike. 
→ The rail workers have no _______________________________.
17. The arrival time of Helen's flight is 8.00.
→ Helen's flight will ________________________________________.
18. Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking. 
→ Mrs. Scott prides ________________________________________.
19. Oh no! My wallet is missing.
→ Oh no! I have _____________________________________________.
20. It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us. 
→ If it hadn’t ________________________________________________.
Exercise 5: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 
1. They are big, they fall fast. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
2. I look into your eyes much, I love you much. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
3. She is mature, she becomes beautiful. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
4. He drinks much water, he becomes thirsty. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
5. You speak English much, your English will be good. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
6. People save much paper, much wood pulp is preserved.
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
7. You make much money, you spend much. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
8. Means of transport are cheap, they become popular. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
9. We leave early, we will arrive soon. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
10. You are young, you learn easily. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
11. She is older, she becomes more beautiful.
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
12. I waited long. I got angry 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
13. The sun is high, the shadow is low. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
14. I know a lot, I forget much. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
15. I forget much, I know little. 
	→ The_____________________________________________________________.
16. Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah. 
→ Sarah is______________________________________________________.
17. No one in the group is younger than he. 
→ He is the_____________________________________________________.
18. Stone isn’t as hard as iron. 
→ Iron is_______________________________________________________.
19. Tom is the best football player in the team. 
→ No one in the team is___________________________________.
20. I don’t play the guitar as well as he does. 
→ He plays______________________________________________________.
Exercise 5: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 
1. My house is bigger than your house. 
→ Your house is__________________________________________________.
2. The black car is cheaper than the red car. 
→ The red car____________________________________________________.
3. This film is more interesting than that one. 
→ That film is____________________________________________________.
4. My kitchen is smaller than yours. 
→ Your kitchen___________________________________________________.
5. My grandmother is older than everyone in my family. 
→ My grandmother is the___________________________________.
6. No one in my class is as tall as Tam. 
→ Tam is the_____________________________________________________.
7. I can’t cook as well as my mother. 
→ My mother can cook_________________________________________.
8. He does not play tennis as well as Jack. 
→ Jack can______________________________________________________.
9. I did not spend as much money as you. 
→ You spent_____________________________________________________.
10. I don’t think this book is as expensive as it is. 
→ This book is___________________________________________________.
11. He is the tallest boy in his class. 
→ No one in_____________________________________________________.
12. This is the most interesting film of all. 
→ No other films are__________________________________________.
13. No cars in the world are more expensive than Japanese ones. 
→ Japanese cars_____________________________________________.
14. This exercise is easier than that one. 
→ That exercise is not_________________________________________.
15. He drives more carefully than Jack does. 
→ Jack____________________________________________________________.
16. No one in the group plays better than he. 
→ He can______________________________________________________.
17. No hotel in the city is as comfortable as this. 
→ This hotel is the___________________________________________.
18. Other oceans in the world aren’t as large as the Pacific one. 
→ The Pacific Ocean is___________________________________.
19. They travel a lot. They know much about the world. 
→ The more____________________________________________________.
20. He practices hard. He performs well. 
→ The harder___________________________________________________.
Exercise 6: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 
1. My sister is taller than any other student in the class. 
→ My sister is the_____________________________________________.
2. No other cities in Vietnam is as large as Ho Chi Minh city. 
→ Ho Chi Minh city___________________________________________.
3. This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever heard. 
→ This is the___________________________________________________.
4. My father can’t cook as well as my mother does. 
→ My mother cooks___________________________________________.
5. My brother is shorter than any other student in the class. 
→ My brother is the__________________________________________.
6. Daisy writes slowly. She makes a few mistakes. 
→ The__________________________________________________________.
7. That writer wrote many stories. She became famous. 
→ The__________________________________________________________.
8. She started later. She got much into traffic jam. 
→ The__________________________________________________________.
9. I am as tall as Tam. 
→ Tam and I are the__________________________________________.
10. He knows more than I do. 
→ I don’t_______________________________________________________.
11. Taking by taxis is more quickly than taking by bus. 
→ Taking by bus isn’t_________________________________________.
12. Linh is a better cook than Hoa. 
→ Hoa can’t__________________________________________________.
13. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
→ Apple are not_____________________________________________.
14. The bus takes longer than the train.
→ The train__________________________________________________.
15. I can’t cook as well as my mother does.
→ My mother_________________________________________________.
16. He is the most punctual person she has ever met.
→ She has_____________________________________________________.
17. That is the most interesting book they have ever had.
→ They have__________________________________________________.
18. We have never eaten a more delicious dish than this one.
→ This_________________________________________________________.
19. Jimmy has never been in a more difficult situation than this.
→ This is______________________________________________________.
20. Dick seems to spend more when he earns more.
→ The more____________________________________________________.