Đề cương ôn tập học kỳ II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8 Sách Thí điểm

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII
Môn: Tiếng Anh 8 - Sách thí điểm 
A/ GRAMMAR:
I. CAUSE VÀ EFFECT
Cause
Effect
1. Because /Since + Clause (S +V)
Ex: Because the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
so + clause ( S + V)
Ex: The water is polluted, so the fish are dead
2. Due to /because of + N / V-ing
Ex: The fish is dead because of the pulluted water.
to cause 
to lead to St 
to result in Ex: The polluted water, causes/ result in the death of fish.
to make sbody/sth do sth
Ex: the poluted water makes the fish die .
II. Câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences type 1 and 2)
Usage
Forms
Type 1: điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc có thể xảy ra ở tương lai.
If + S + V(s,es) , S + Will/Can/shall...... + V(Inf)
 Don’t/ doesn’t + V
Ex: If it is sunny, I will go fishing.
Type 2: Điều không có thật ở hiện tại
If + S + Vp/ Ved , S + would/ Could/ Should...+ V(Inf)
 Didn’t + V
 Were 
Ex: If I were a bird, I could fly everywwhere. 
III. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive sentences): Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động.
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
*  Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form) S + be + Vp.p (Past Participle) + (by + 0)
 Ex: The picture  was painted by  Tom.
               S be + p.p           O
*  Thể phủ định (Negative form) S + be not + Vp.p + (by + 0)
Ex:  The picture was not painted by Tom.
        S be + Vpp O
* Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form) Be + S + Vp.p + (by + 0)?
Ex: Was the picture painted by Tom?
 Be S           Vp.p         O
TENSES (Các loại thì)
PASSIVES STRUCTURE(Cấu trúc bị động)
Present simple ( hiện tại đơn)
S + V/ V(s/es) + O
 Don’t/ doesn’t + V 
Ex: I learn English.
 S + is/ are/ am + Vp.p/ Ved + by O
→ English is learned (by me).
Present progressive ( hiện tại tiếp diễn)
 S + am/ is/ are + Ving + O
Ex: She is reading the book.
S + is/ are/ am + being + Vp.p + by O
→ The book is being read (by her).
Past simple ( quá khứ đơn)
 S + Ved/ Vp + O
 Didn’t + V
Ex: The little boy broke the glass.
S + was / were + Vp.p + by O
→ The glass was broken by the little boy.
Past progressive ( quá khứ tiếp diễn)
 S + was/ were + Ving + O
Ex: The police were interrogating him.
was/ were + being + Vp.p + by O
→ He was being interrogated by the police.
Present perfect ( hiện tại hoàn thành)
 S + have/ has ( not) + Vpp/ Ved + O
She has cooked the food.
S + have/ has (not) been + Vp.p + by O
→ The food has been cooked (by her).
Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
 S + had( not) + Vpp/ Ved + O
Ex: we had visited Nha Trang 
S + had( not) + been + Vpp/Ved + by O
→ Nha Trang had been visited.
Future simple ( tương lai đơn)
 S + will + V + O
Ex: They will cover the road with a red carpet tomorrow.
S + will be + Vp.p + by O
→ The road will be covered with a red carpet tomorrow
Future progressive ( tương lai tiếp diễn)
 S + will be + Ving + O
Ex: I will be holding the wedding party ưi Ha. Noi next month.
S + will be being + Vp.p + by O
→ My wedding party will be being held in Ha Noi next month.
Modal verb(động từ khuyết thiếu): can/ could, shall/ should, may/ might, have to, ought to, be going to
 S + modal verb + V + O
Ex: He can eat this ice cream in 5 seconds.
S + modal verv + be + V + by O
→ This ice- crearm can be eaten in 5 seconds
IV. REPORTED SPEECH
Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.
3 nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:
Đổi ngôi, đổi tân ngữ
Lùi thì
Đổi cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Rule (Quy tắc)
Direct speech (Trực tiếp)
Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1. Tenses ( Thì)
Present simple (V/Vs/es)
Hiện tại đơn
Past simple (Ved/ Vp)
Quá khứ đơn
Present progressive (Hiện tại tiếp diễn)
(is/am/are+Ving)
Past progressive (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
(was/were+Ving)
Present perfect (have/has + Vpp)
Hiện tại hoàn thành 
Past perfect (had + Vpp)
Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past simple (Ved/Vp)
Quá khứ đơn
Past perfect (had +Vpp)
Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past progressive (was/were +Ving)
Quá khứ tiếp diễn 
Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive 
(had +been +Ving)
Quá khứ tiếp diễn / Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn 
Past perfect (had + Vpp)
Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect
Quá khứ hoàn thành
Future simple (will +V)
Tương lai đơn
Future in the past (would +V)
Tương lai trong quá khứ 
Near future (is/am/are +going to+V)
Tương lai gần
Was/were +going to +V
2. Modal verbs
(Động từ khuyết thiếu)
Can
May
Must
Could
Might
Must/Had to
3. Adverb of place
(Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)
This/ That
That
These
Those
Here
There
4. Adverb of time
(Trạng từ chỉ thời gian)
Now
Then
Today 
That day
Yesterday
The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday
Two days before
Tomorrow
The day after/the next (following) day
The day after tomorrow
Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago 
Before 
This week
That week
Last week
The week before/ the previous week
Last night
The night before
Next week
The week after/ the following week
5.Subject/Object
(Chủ ngữ/tân ngữ)
I/ me
 She/ he, her/ him
We/ our
 They/ them
you
I/ we, me/us 
Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1.Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu kể/tường thuật:
 said
 S + said to sb that + Clause ( S+ V)
 told sb 
Ex: “I’m going to visit Japan next month”, she said. 
 → She said that she was going to visit Japan the following month.
 “He picked me up yesterday”, Lan said to me.
 → Lan said to me that he had picked her up the day before.
​2.Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi
Câu hỏi Yes/No question
S
asked
If/
whether
Clause ( S + V)
asked sb
wondered
wanted to know
Ex: “Do you love English?”, the teacher asked. → The teacher asked me if/whether I loved English.
 “Have you done your homeworked yet?”, they asked. 
 → They asked me if/whether I had done my homework yet.
Lưu ý: Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có từ “OR NOT” thì câu gián tiếp bắt buộc phải dùng WHETHER
 “Does she like roses or not?”, he wondered. → He wondered whether she liked roses or not.
Câu hỏi Wh-questions
 asked
 S + asked sb + Wh-word + S + V(thì)
 wondered (Lưu ý: Không đảo ngữ trong vế này)
 wanted to know
Ex: “Where do you live, Nam?”, asked she. → She asked Nam where he lived. 
​3. Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh 
 V/ Don’t + V, please 
 → S + asked/told/ordered/advised/wanted/warned + sb + (not) to V
Ex:
“Open the book page 117, please”,the teacher said. → The teacher asked us to open the book page 117.
 “Don’t touch that dog”, he said. → He asked/told me not to touch that dog.
V. Các dạng thức động từ theo sau là V-ing hoặc to V
GERUND
TO-INFINITIVE
Một số cách dùng đặc biệt
 Những động từ sau được theo sau bởi V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, consider, deny, finish, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, propose, 
Ex:
- He admitted taking the money.
- Would you consider selling the property?
- He kept complaining.
- He didn't want to risk getting wet.
Verbs + prepositions: apologize for, accuse of, insist on, , congratulate on, , look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, 
Gerund cũng theo sau những cụm từ như: 
- It's no use / It's no good...
- There's no point ( in)...
- It's ( not) worth ...
- Have difficult ( in) ...
- It's a waste of time/ money ...
- Spend/ waste time/money ...
- Be/ get used to ...
- Be/ get accustomed to ...
- Do/ Would you mind ... ?
- be busy doing something
- What about ... ? How about ...?
- Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming... )
Cách dùng To-infinitive:
1. Verb + to V
Những động từ sau được theo sau trực tiếp bởi to-infinitive: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect, want,...
Ex:
- She agreed to pay $50.
- Two men failed to return from the expedition.
- The remnants refused to leave.
- She volunteered to help the disabled.
- He learnt to look after himself.
2. Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/ which/ why + to V
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là:
ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder...
Ex:
- He discovered how to open the safe.
- I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
- She couldn't think what to say.
- I showed her which button to press.
3. Verb + Object + to V
Những động từ theo công thức này là:
advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, train, urge, want, tempt...
Ex:
- These glasses will enable you to see in the dark.
- She encouraged me to try again.
- They forbade her to leave the house.
- They persuaded us to go with them.
* Note: Một số động từ có thể đi cùng với cả động từ nguyên thể và V-ing, hãy so sánh sự khác nhau về ý nghĩa giữa chúng.
Stop V-ing: dừng làm gì (dừng hẳn)
 Stop to V: dừng lại để làm việc gì
Remember/forget/regret to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại – tương lai)
 Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ)
Try to V: cố gắng làm gì
	Try V-ing: thử làm gì
Like V-ing: Thích làm gì vì nó thú vị, hay, cuốn hút, làm để thường thức.
	Like to do: làm việc đó vì nó là tốt và cần thiết
Prefer V-ing to V-ing
	Prefer + to V + rather than (V).
Mean to V: Có ý định làm gì.
	Mean V-ing: Có nghĩa là gì.
Need to V: cần làm gì
	Need V-ing: cần được làm gì (= need to be done)
Used to V: đã từng/thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)
	Be/Get used to V-ing: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)
B- EXERCISE:
I. Choose the word that has main stress placed differently from the others:
A. unaffected	B. undrinkable 	C. uncountable	D. unsuitable
A. unpopular	B. unorganized	C. unfortunate	 	D. unambitious
A. imperfect 	B. immature	C. immobile 	D. immoral 
A. translator	B. director	C. editor/edit/	 	D. spectator
A. consumer	B. performer	C. shopkeeper 	D. believe
A. impair	B. unhurt	C. effect	D. insect
A. explorer	B. accurate	C. unhealthy	D. mature 
A. unnatural	B. engineering	C. impossible	D. environment 
A. unhelpful	B. unlikely	C. unforeseen	D. unusual
A. imprecise 	B. imperfect 	C. impartial	D. impassive 
A. unkind	B. kindness	C. impure	D. machine
A. imbalance 	B. unable	C. unhealthy	D. impolite
A. unexplored	B. unforeseen	 C. untidy	D. immature
A. impossible	B. unnatural	C. unrelated	D. unbearable
A. unlimited	B. undeveloped	C. unsuccessful	D. unaffected
A. person	 	B. father	C. teacher	D. enjoy
A. prefer	B. enjoy	C. mother	D. agree
A. doctor 	B. father 	C. picture 	D. fancy
A. pollution	B. visit	C. listen	D. open
A. depend	 	B. advise	C. affect	D. listen 
A. affect	 	B. father	C. teacher	D. picture
A. prefer	B. enjoy	C. mother	D. affect
A. affect 	B. happen 	C. pollution 	D. fancy
A. pollution	 B. picture	 C. village	D. factory
A. illustrate	 B. believe	C. affect	D. village 
A. artistic	 	B. historic	C. dramatic	D. scientific 
A. medical	B. national	 C. chemical	D. historical 
A. athletic 	B. dramatic 	C. scientific 	D. heroic
A. medical	B. hospital	C. politic	D. electric
A. chemical	B. physical	C. environmental	D. medical
III. Choose A, B, C, D for each gap in the following sentences. 
Air___________, together with littering, is causing many problems in our cities today.
A. pollute 	B. pollution 	C. polluting 	D. polluted
2. The road in front of my office is always __________ when it rains heavily.
A. to flood 	B. flooding	C. flood	D. flooded
3. Singapore is famous for its __________ and green trees.
A. cleanliness 	B. cleanly 	C. cleaning 	D. clean
4. In some English speaking countries, turkey and pudding are ___________ food at Christmas.
A. national 	B. historical 	C. traditional 	D. possible
5. The USA has a population of 304 million, and it’s the third_________ country in the world.
A. smallest	B. largest 	C. narrowest	D. highest 
6. The roof of the building _____________ in a storm a few days ago.
A. damaged 	B. was damaged 	C. has damaged 	D. has been damaged
7. A severe tropical___________ is called a typhoon.
A. drought 	B. rain 	C. flood	D. storm 
8. As soon as the floodwater ___________ down, people ____________ their houses.
A. went - cleaned B. had gone – cleaned 	C. went - had cleaned	 D. had gone – had cleaned
9. If I were you, I  do something to prevent him from littering.
A. would 	B. did 	 	C. will	D. do
10.Earth  by the gravity of the Sun and orbits around it.
A. holds	B. is held	C. is holding	D. held
11. By the time we  to the cinema, the film had started.
A. gets	 	B. had got	 	C. has got	 	D. got
12. When the policeman came there, the robber  
A. had left	B. has left	 	C. left 	 	 D. was left
13. All people who were without homes in the flood were provided with  accommodation.
A. short 	B. temporary 	C. present	D. instant
14. Seven of ten people prefer face-to-face  when having a date.
A. language	 B. contact 	 C. code 	D. sign
15. When thermal pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans ... .
A. changes	B. keeps	 	C. remains 	 	D. stays
16. Australia is home to  animals like kangaroos and koalas. 
A. only	B. rare	 	C. unique	D. precious
17. If you were the president, what  you do to help the environment?
A. will 	B. did 	 	C. would	D. do
18.The Maori in New Zealand greet each other by  their noses.
A. touching	B. punching	C. blowing	D. rubbing
19. The village’s drinking water  with poisonous chemicals since the factory came into operation.
A. contaminates	B. is contaminated	C. has contaminated	D. has been contaminated
20. When the policeman came to the scene, the driver of the car  
A. have left	B. had left	C. leaves 	D. was left
21. All people who were without homes in the flood were provided with  accommodation.
A. short 	B. temporary 	C. present	D. instant
22. I believe that our new manager has the  to work well in this business environment.
A. inflexible	B. flexibly C. flexibility 	D. flexible
23. If the factory  dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues	B. continued 	C. will continue 	D. continue
24. You will recognize Jenny when you see her. She  a red hat.
A. wears	B. is wearing	C. will wear	D. will be wearing
25. The farmer rides the buffalo -____________ carts loaded full of rice home.	
A. draw	B. drawing	C. drew	D. drawn
26. Little Pascal a mechanical calculator which could do additions or subtractions very quickly.
A. discovered	B. found	C. found out	D. invented
27. Robots save workers from dangerous tasks.
A. making	B. having	C. performing	 	D. carrying
28. Many people believe that robots have made workers joblessthat is not necessarily true.
A. but	B. and	C. so	D. or
29. Recent developments have made robots more user-friendly and intelligent.
A. science	B. scientist	C. scientific	D. scientifically
30. Teenagers spend most of their time playing computer games, they lost their interests in daily activities. 
 A. moreover	B. so	C. however	D. as a result
IV. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means the same as the first one.
1. Scientists have invented new devices to help people live a longer life.
 New devices .
I don’t have enough time , so I can’t go on holiday this summer.
 If ...
3. The man had a broken leg. He tried to save his wife.
 àIn spie of
4. I can’t tell you because I don’t know the answer.-àIf .
5. They will do the test well. They will review them all hard.
-->If...
6. The rescue workers evacuated the villagers in the raged flood to the safe place last night.
 =>The villagers in the raged flood..
7. The students will provide aids for the homeless people tomorrow.
-->Aids
8. The people will protect the environment now. The environment will be nice
àIf...
9. They don’t have a map, so they get lost àIf...
10. The storm destroyed many houses in this village last week.
-->Many houses.....
11. Did they give food to homeless people last year ?-->Was.
12.Although the weather was bad, the fooball match was not canceled.
-->Despite...
13.Many rivers and lakes are poisoned. Factories produce waste and pour it into rivers and lakes. (because)
14. Plastic bags are a major source of waste. We should not throw plastic bags everywhere. (so)
.
15. We won’t hold the festival. It costs too much money. (IF)
=> ...
16. The tortoise was running. The hare was sleeping. (WHILE)
=>...
17. The girl worked hard. Her stepmother wasn’t happy. (ALTHOUGH)
=>...
18.	Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick. 	
=> Because of 
19.	Mary went to bed early because she felt tired. 
=> Because of .
20.	She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold. 	
=> Because of ....
V/Give the correct tense or form of the following verbs.
 1.I (watch)  a science fiction film on TV at 9 .00 tonight.
2. Our teacher says that new technology (make). Many workers jobless in the future.
3.Look at those clouds – I think it (rain)...
4. If you use robots to do the housework, you (become).. lazy and you (not get).. enough exercise.
5. People say that technology (change)  up entire rooms are small enough to put on destops and into wristwatches.
6. we’ll need (call)... him more often
7. This time next week , I (lie).. on the beach on Phu quoc Island
8. Thomas Edison said that none of his inventions ( come). by accident. They (be).. all the result of hard work
9. By the time I( arrive).the airport, my husband( wait)..for me for an hour.
10. If the trees(be not).watered daily, they will die.
11. Air (pollute).is not good for our health.
12. Many houeses (destroy)in the hurricane last night in Nghe An.
13. If the students reviewed all lessons, they(do)..the test well.
14. After the thief(leave).the house, the police (come)..
15. He ( not go ).. out last night, he ( stay ).. at home.
16. ..Lan ( learn ). English for 2 years ? - No, he ( learn ). for 3 years.
17. .you ( wear ).. uniform yesterday ? - No. I ( not wear )... yesterday.
18.your mother ( read ).. book every night ? - No, she ( watch ) TV.
19.We (save) .electricity if we didn’t pay much money.
20. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ..fresh water.
21. That room (paint)at this time next week.
22. He wouldn’t be ill if he (smoke) a lot.
23. By the time the police (come).., the thief (leave)
24. After I(finish)..the lesson, Lan went out.
25. This house ( build). in 2015.
READING
1/Read the text about Alexander Graham Bell and do the tasks
 Alexander Graham Bell is widely known as inventor of the first telephone. He was born on March 3rd, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. When he was 23, Bell emigrated to Canada with his parents and the next year moved to the United States to teach deaf-mute children. With his colleague Thomas Watson , Bell worked very hard on the experimentation to invent devices such as the harmonic telegraph ( used to send multiple messages over a single wire) and phonautograph ( used to draw the shape of the sound waves). The first telephone communication was said to have happened between Bell and Watson in 1876 while Bell was at one end of the line, and Watson worked on the telephone in other room. The first transmitted words were, “ Mr Watson, come here . I want to see you”.
a. Decide if the statements are T or F
True 
False 
1.Alexander Graham Bell is Scottish.
2.He spent all his life in Canada
3.He worked with the deaf when he moved to the USA
4.He wanted to create a device that can transmit human voice
5.He was able to succeed right from the first experiment
6.He worked on his inventions all by himself
b. Answer the questions
1.What is Bell ‘s ‘harmonic telegraph’ ?...........................................................................................................
2.What is Bell ‘s ‘phonautograph?....... ..........................................................................................................
3.When did the first communication over happened and how did it happen?
.............................................................................................................
2/ Read the following text carefully and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each of the gap.
Ewan McGregor was (29)_____ in Scotland in 1971. He decided to be an (30)______ when he was only nine and he (31)_____his first film in 1992. So far in his career he has appeared (32)_____ a lot of different types of films, including comedies, musical, dramas and the Star Wars movies. In his career Ewan has worked with (33)_____ like Cameron Diaz and Nicole Kidman, and his films have won (34)_____ of awards. He loves acting and when he finished (35)_______ the musical, Moulin Rouge, he said, “I have never been happier to do anything in my life”.
29. A. bear	B. born	C. bearing	D. beared
30. A. acting	B. actress	C. actor	D. action
31. A. made	B. played	C. worked	D. starred
32. A. at	B. on	C. with	D. in
33. A. directors	B. actors	C. actresses	D. writers
34. A. a lots	B. lots	C. much	D. some
35. A. to film	B. filmed	C. film	D. filming
III. Choose the correct answer for each gap to complete the following passage. 
 Rivers are ____(1) ____ of the world’s most important natural resources. Many cities are on large rivers, and____ (2)____ every country has at least one river that ___(3)___ an important part in the lives of its people.
 Besides transportation, rivers ___(4)___ food, water for crops, water to drink, and opportunities for recreation for people who live along their ____(5)____. And in order to get water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam (đập, đê) across a river and let the water become a lake ____(6)____ the dam. Then people can use their water not only to ___(7)___ fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries.
 ____(8)___, the water often becomes polluted when cities on river banks grow ____(9)____ size and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary to ____(10)_____ rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefits of the natural resources.
1.	A. one	B. ones	C. among 	D. those
2.	A. most	B. mostly	C. almost	 	D. about	
3.	A. takes	B. makes	C. occupies 	D. plays
4.	A. supply	B. provide	C. distribute	D. bring
5.	A. banks	B. shores	C. sides	D. beaches
6.	A. behind	B. on	C. below 	D. under
7.	A. take	B. irrigate	C. drain 	D. give
8.	A. Moreover	B. Therefore	C. Thus 	D. However
9.	A. of	B. about	C. in	D. for
10.	A. keep	B. get	C. hold 	D. maintain
3/ Read the text and do the tasks
Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the habitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousand of stoves were overturned as soon as the earth began to shake . As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use fire fighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by the collapse of buildings 
* These sentenses are T (true ) or F ( false ) 
A hundred thousand people were killed in Tokyo in 1923 because of an earthquake.
The earthquake began a minute before midnight. 
The fire engines were prevented from going to help because most of the water pipes had burst.
Over ninty percent of the damage was caused by fire.
speaking 
List of speaking questions:
Tell me about types of pollution
Can you talk about causes & effects of water pollution?
Can you talk about an English speaking country?
4.Can you talk about types of natural diasters, and preparations for natural disasters 
5.Can you talk about ways of communication, what is communication in the future?
6.Can you talk about about advantages and disadvantages of smart phones?
7. Can you talk about life on other planets?
 8. Talk about causes of visual pollution
Topic
1. Tell about types of pollution
Nowadays there are a lot of types of pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, visual pollution .. and noise pollution. Noise pollution is constant and loud sound. To measure the loudness, or volume of sounds, people use a unit called a decibel.When a sound is louder than 70 decibels, it can cause noise pollution. Do you know that the noise from a vacuum cleaner or motorcycle can result in permanent hearing loss after eight hours? The sounds of a concert are even more serious. Noise pollution can also lead to headaches and high blood pressure. If you are listening to music through headphones