Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 (Phần Ngữ pháp+Từ vựng) - Unit 1 to 16 - Vo Thi Thuy Chuong

REVIEW
1. Cách nhận biết từ loại:
 a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau:
-TION/ -ATION 	invention, information, education
-MENT 	development, employment
-ENCE/-ANCE	difference, importance
-NESS 	richness, happiness, business
-ER (chỉ người) 	teacher, worker, writer, singer
-OR (chỉ người) 	inventor, visitor, actor
-IST (chỉ người)	physicist, biologist, chemist
-AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người)	beggar, assistant, employee
-ING	teaching, schooling
-AGE 	teenage, marriage
-SHIP 	friendship, championship
-ISM (chủ nghĩa)	pessimism, optimism
-(I)TY 	possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty
(verb)-AL 	refusal, arrival, survival
-TH	warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth
 b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau:
-FUL 	successful, helpful, beautiful
-LESS (nghĩa phủ định)	homeless, careless
(noun)-Y (có nhiều)	rainy, snowy, windy
(noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày..)	friendly, yearly, daily
-ISH	selfish, childish
(noun)-AL (thuộc về)	natural, cutural
-OUS 	nervous, dangerous, famous
-IVE 	active, expensive
-IC 	electric, economic
-ABLE 	comfortable, acceptable
 c. Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hoặc hậu tố sau:
Tiền tố EN- 	endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên)
-FY 	classify, satisfy, beautify
-IZE, -ISE	socialize, modernize, industrialize
-EN 	widen, frighten
-ATE	considerate, translate
 d. Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ...
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:
- good (a)	well (adv): giỏi, tốt
- late (a)	late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm
- ill (a)	ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém
- fast (a)	fast (adv): nhanh
- hard (a)	hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không
2. Chức năng của một số từ loại:
	a. Danh từ (Noun)
Sau tính từ (adj + N)
They are interesting books.
Sau
- mạo từ: a /an / the
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, 
- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ...
- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its
He is a student.
These flowers are beautiful.
She needs some water.
Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O)
She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
Sau giới từ (prep. + N)
He talked about the story yesterday.
He is interested in music.
Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ)
The main has just arrived.
Sau enough (enough + N)
I don’t have enough money to buy that house.
b. Tính từ (Adj)
Trước N (Adj + N)
This is an interesting books.
Sau TO BE 
I am tired.
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem  
It becomes hot.
She feels sad.
Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, 
It is extremely cold.
I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
Sau keep / make
The news made me happy.
Sau too ( be + too + adj)
That house is too small.
Trước enough (be + adj + enough)
The house isn’t large enough. 
Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that
She was so angry that she can’t speak.
A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my,  + (Adj) + Noun
My new car is blue.
Trong câu cảm thán:
- How + adj + S + V
- Wht + (a / an) + adj + N
How beautiful the girl is!
What an interesting film!
c. Trạng từ (Adv)
Sau V thường
He drove carefully.
Trước Adj
I meet an extremely handsome man.
Giữa cụm V
She has already finished the job.
Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy
Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.
Sau too V + too + adv
They walked too slowly to catch the bus.
Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that
Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
Trước enough V + adv + enough
You should write clearly enough for every body to read. 
UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
VOCABULARY
- night shift:	.
- biology ( ):	
- biologist ( ):	..
- biological ( ):	.
- join hands: work together 	 cùng làm việc, chung sức, cùng nhau
- (be) willing to + V1:	sẵn lòng làm việc gì
- household chores: 	.
- run the household: 	trông nom gia đình
- make sure	chắc chắn
- rush (v)	
- responsibility ( ):	.
- responsible (a):	.
- take the responsibility for + V-ing:	nhận trách nhiệm
- pressure (n):	.
- (be) under pressure:	dưới sức ép, áp lực
- take out = remove: 	
Ex: My responsibility is to wash the dishes and take out the garbage.
- mischievous ( ):	.
- mischief (n):	..
- give someone a hand = help someone:	..
- obedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a):	.
- obedience (n):	
- obey ( ):	.
- close – knit:	quan hệ khắng khít, đoàn kết chặt chẽ
- supportive of 	.. 
- frankly (adv):	cởi mở, bộc trực, thẳng thắn
- frank (a): 	
- make a decision:	
- solve (v):	
- solution ( ):	
- secure (a):	..
- . (n):	sự an toàn
- (be) crowded with	đông đúc
- well – behaved (a):	.	
- confidence (n):	sự tự tin, sự tin tưởng,
- confident in s.o (a):	tự tin, tin tưởng vào ai 
- base (n)	nền tảng
- come up = appear	xuất hiện	- hard-working (a)	chăm chỉ
Note:
Let + O + V1: để cho ai làm việc gì
Have to + V1: phải
Allow / permit + O + to-inf: cho phép ai làm việc gì
Allow / permit + V-ing: cho phép
Be allowed / permitted + to-inf: được cho phép
Ex: She let me (use) ---------------------- her pen.
 Students have to (wear) --------------------------- uniform when going to school.
 My mother permitted me (go) ------------------------- out with my friends.
 I was allowed (go) ----------------------- out with my friends.
 She doesn’t allow (smoke) ----------------------- in her room.
GRAMMAR
1. PRONUNCIATION:
* Cách phát âm của –s / -es
- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.
* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /
* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/
* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples:
* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs .
* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes..
* /z/: bells, eyes, plays .
2. TENSES
TENSES
USE
SIGNAL WORDS
EXAMPLES
SIMPLE PRESENT
(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)
+: S + -------------------------------
-: S + -------------------------------
?: -----------------------------------
- thói quen ở hiện tại 
- sự thật, chân lí.
- always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, once / twice a week, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- I often go to school by bike.
- The earth moves around the sun.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + --------------------------------
-: S + ---------------------------------
?: -------------------------------------
- hành động đang diễn ra vào lúc nói.
- dự định sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai gần.
- hành động có tính chất tạm thời.
- hai hành động xảy ra song song kéo dài ở hiện tại
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Look!
- Listen!
- Be quiet!
- Keep silent!
Note: một số động từ thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have (có), taste, smell, .
- We are learning English.
- She is leaving for Hue next week.
- She usually goes to school by bike but today she is walking.
- I am watching TV when my sister is cooking now.
PRESENT PERFECT
(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
+: S + -------------------------------
-: S + -------------------------------
?: Has / Have + S + P.P?
- hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.
- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ không rõ thời gian. 
- hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
- ---------------------------------- (gần đây)
- ------------------------------------------------------- (cho tới bây giờ)
- already, ever, never, just, yet, for, since.
- how long 
- this is the first time/second time
- many times / several times
- I have worked here for ten years.
- I have visited Dalat many times.
- She has written a letter.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + has / have + been + V-ing
-: S + ---------------------------------
?: -----------------------------------
- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai
- for + khoảng th/g + nowr 
- for, since, 
- I have been working here for ten years now.
SIMPLE PAST
(QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
+: S + V2 / V-ed
-: S + didn’t + V1
?: Did + S + V1 .?
- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
- kể lại một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ.
- một thói quen trong quá khứ
- yesterday, last week, last month, ago, in 1990, in the past, 
- It’s time  / It’s high time  (đã đến lúc)
- She went to London last year.
- The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to the bed and lay down on it.
- When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + was / were + V-ing
-: S + was / were + not + V-ing
?: Was / Were + S + V-ing?
- hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
- hai hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ
- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động diễn ra trong suốt một khoảng thời gian được xác định trong quá khứ
- at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time (last week), in the summer, during the summer, all day, all week, all month, 
- He was doing his homework at 8 o’clock last night.
- The children were playing football while their mother was cooking the meal.
- We were watching TV all the evening last Sunday.
PAST PERFECT
(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
+: S + had + P.P
-: S + hadn’t + P.P
?: Had + S + P.P ?
- hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
- hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trước một hành động hoặc một thời điểm trong quá khứ
- already, ever, never, before, by, by the time, after, until, when, .
- When I arrived at the party, they had already left.
- I had completed the English course by 1998.
- He had read that book many times before he gave it to you.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + had + been + V-ing
-: S + hadn’t + been + V-ing
?: Had + S + been + V-ing ?
- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động cho đến khi một hành động khác trong quá khứ xảy ra 
- while, when, for, since, .
- When she arrived, I had been waiting for two hours.
- It was 10 p.m. He had been working since 8 p.m.
SIMPLE FUTURE
(TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)
+: S + will / shall + V1
-: S + will / shall + not + V1
 (won’t / shan’t + V1)
?: Will / Shall + S + V1 ?
- hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
- một quyết định được đưa ra vào lúc nói
- một đề nghị hoặc lời hứa
- một lời đe dọa
- tomorrow, next, in 2012, .
- I think / guess 
- I am sure / I am not sure
- He will come back tomorrow.
- The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
- I promise. I won’t tell anyone about your plan.
- I will tell your mother if you do that again.
Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V1
- diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trước
Ex: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year)
- diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ
Ex: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
(TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + will / shall + be + V-ing
-: S + will / shall + be + V-ing
?: Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing?
- hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
- hai hành động sẽ xảy ra đồng thời trong tương lai
- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động từ lúc sẽ bắt đầu và kết thúc trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định trong tương lai
- at 9 o’clock tonight, at this time tomorrow, all this afternoon, evening, morning, 
- At 7 o’clock tonight, we will be watching the news.
- I will be cooking dinner while my daughter will be cleaning the floor. 
- They will be working all this afternoon.
FUTURE PERFECT
(TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)
+: S + will /shall + have + P.P
-: S + won’t / shan’t + have + P.P
?: Will / Shall + S + have + P.P .?
- hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong tương lai
- hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động, sự việc khác trong tương lai 
- when, before, by, by the time, 
- I will have finished my homework by 9 p.m.
- I will have finished my homework before I go to bed.
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause
(Mệnh đề chính)
Adverbial clause of time
(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Present tenses
Present tenses
Past tenses
Past tenses
Future tenses
Present tenses
TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back.
 TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work.
 while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend.
 QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD 
 It (start) --------------- to rain while the boys (play) -------------- football.
 QKTD + while + QKTD 
 Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.
 HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) -------------------- here since I (graduate)---------------------.
 TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ He will have left by the time you arrive.
 QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ He (leave) ------------------ by the time I came.
 After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) --------------- to bed.
QKĐ + after + QKHT I (go) ----------------- to bed after I (finish) ---------------- my work.
Before + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) ---------------- dinner, she (write) ------------- letter.
 12. QKHT + before + QKĐ She (write) ---------------- a letter before she (have) ---------------- dinner.
 13. QKĐ + since then + HTHT I (graduate) ---------------- in 2002 since then I (work) --------------- here.
* Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành
1. S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago.
à S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian
à It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn.
à The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago.
2. This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định
 à S + HTHT never + before
3. S + began / started + V-ing + ----
 à S + have / has + V3/-ed + for / since ---
Ex: We last went to London two years ago.
 = We -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 = It’s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 = The last time -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 This is the first time I have visited Hanoi.
 - I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 I began learning English five years ago.
 - I have ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.
1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
 A. has lived	B. is living	C. was living	D. has been living
 2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
	 A. don’t see	B. haven’t seen	C. didn’t see	D. hadn’t seen
 3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
	 A. has been leaving	B. left	C. has left	D. had left
 4. Jack ______ the door.
	 A. has just painted	B. paint	C. will have painted	D. painting
 5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
	 A. is looking	B. was looking	C. has been looking 	D. looked
 6. I ______ Texas State University now.
	 A. am attending	B. attend	C. was attending	D. attended
 7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
	 A. ten years ago	B. since ten years 	C. for ten years ago	D. for ten years 
 8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
	 A. discovered 	B. has discovered	C. had discovered	D. had been discovering
 9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
	 A. run	B. runs	C. was running	D. had run
 10. We _______ there when our father died.
	 A. still lived 	B. lived still 	C. was still lived 	D. were still living
 11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.
	 A. will play	B. will be playing	C. play	D. would play
 12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.
	 A. shall have been working	B. shall work	C. have been working	D. shall be working
 13. I _______ in the room right now.
	 A. am being	B. was being	C. have been being	D. am
 14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
	 A. have been	B. was	C. were	D. had been
 15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
	 A. leave	B. will leave	C. have left	D. shall leave
 16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.
	 A. has happened	B. happened	C. had happened 	D. would have been happened
 17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
	 A. is reading	B. read 	C. was reading	D. reading
18. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.
 A. working	B. works	C. is working	D. work
19. I ______ to the same barber since last year.
 A. am going	B. have been going	C. go	D. had gone
20. Her father ______ when she was a small girl.
 A. dies	B. died	C. has died	D. had died
21. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.
 A. leave	B. left	C. leaves	D. had left
22. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.
 A. wrote	B. writes	C. has written	D. had written
23. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.
 A. was reading	B. wrote	C. was written	D. had written
24. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few days previously.
 A. broke down	B. has been broken	C. had broken down	D. breaks down
24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.
 A. try	B. tried	C. have tried	D. am trying
25. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
 A. he had left 	B. he left	C. he has left	D. he was left
26. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.
 A. had 	B. had had 	C. have has 	D. have had
27. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.
 A. will have learned 	B. will learn	C. has learned 	D. would learn
28. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book.
 A. walking	B. walked	C. walks	D. walk
29. Henry _______ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
 A. was going	B. went	C. has gone	D. did go
30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.
 A. finish	B. finishes	C. will finish	D. finishing
UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
VOCABULARY
- diversity ( ) = variety (n)	
- diversify (v):	 	đa dạng hóa
- approval (n) ≠ disapproval (n): 	.
- approve (v): 	chấp thuận
- marry (v): 	cưới
- marriage (n): - married (a):	
- groom (n):	..
- bride (n):	
- precede (v) = happen or exist before:	đứng trước, đến trước
- determine (v) = find out:	.. 
- attract ( ):	..
- attractive ( ):	..
- physical attractiveness (n):	
- attraction ( ):	.
- concern (v) = relate to:	..
- maintain (v):	.
- appearance (n):	
-  (v): tell someone about something very secret: 	chia sẻ, tâm sự
- confide in someone:	tin cậy
- wise (a) ≠ unwise (a):	
- reject (v):	
-  (v): willing stop having something you want: ..
- trust (n, v):	.
- trustful (a): 	cả tin, hay tin người
- oblige to (v): having a duty to do something:	bắt buộc
- obligation ( ):	
- counterpart (n): 	đối tác, bên tương tác
- ..(n):	thế hệ
- (be) based on:	
- believe in	
- fall in love with s.o	..
- decide + to-inf	quyết định
- attitude toward	thái độ đối với
- independent of (a) 	..
≠ dependent on (a);	..
- protect s.o from .th	bảo vệ ai khỏi cái gì
Ex: The conical leaf hat protects people from sun and rain.
- beauty (n)	..
- beautiful ()	
- agree with	.
It’s + adj + to-inf .: thật  để 
→ V-ing  + is + adj
Note: 
Ex: It’s difficult to study English.
 --------------------------------------------------------------
GRAMMAR
1. Cách phát âm –ed:
- Có 3 cách phát âm –ed tận cùng.
* đọc thành âm /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d /
* đọc thành âm /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ /
* đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples: 
* /id/: wanted, needed, prevented, confided .
* /t/: looked, stopped, laughed, coughed, sacrificed..
* /d/: played, seemed, planned.
2. TENSES
1. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner.
 A	 B	 C	 D
2. Jimmy threw the ball high in the air, and Betty catching it when it came down.
	 A	 B	 	C	 D
3. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it.
	 A	 B	 	C	 D
4. Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one.
 A	 B C	 	 D
5. 23. Caroline has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it.
	A	 B	 C	 D
6. When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all.
 A	 B C D
7. We have written to each other when we were in primary school. 
	 A	 	B	 C D
8. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise.
 	A	 B C	 D
9. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it.
 A	 B C D
10. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years.
 	A	B	C D
11. I saw lots of interesting places since I went on holiday last summer.
 A B	 C	 D
12. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listen intently.
 A	 B C D
13. I think it’s time you change your way of living.
 A	 B	 C D
14. Roger felt the outside of his pocket to make sure his wallet is still there. 
	 A	 B 	 C	D
15. When I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years.
 A	 B 	C D
16. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant.
	A	 	B	 C	 D
17. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now.
 A	 B	 C	 D
18. Some people are believing there is life on other planets.
 A	 B	 C D
19. Recently, the island of Hawaii had been the subject of intensive research on the occurrence of earthquakes.
A	 B	 C	D
20. Every morning, the sun shines in my bedroom window and waking me up.
 A	 B	 C D
21. My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month.
A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes. B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes.
C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes. D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago.
22. Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago.
A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car five years ago. B. It has been five years when Mr. Brown bought this car
C. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years . D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown bought this car.
23. John used to write home once a week when he was abroad.
A. John doesn’t now write home once a week any longer. 
B. John enjoyed writing home every week when he was abroad.
C. John never forgot to write a weekly letter home when he was abroad.
D. When he was abroad he remembered to write home every week.
24. We started working here three years ago.
A. We worked here for three years. B. We have no longer worked here for three years.
C. We have worked here for three years. D. We will work here in three years.
UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING
VOCABULARY
-  (n):	xã hội
- social (a):	.
- socialize (v):	
- socialization (n):	
- verbal (a) ≠ non-verbal (a):	..
- get / attract someone’s attention:	
-  (v):	giao tiếp
- communication (n):	.
- communicative (a):	có tính giao tiếp, truyền đạt
- wave (v):	
- signal (n, v): 	dấu hiệu, ra dấu
- catch one’s eyes: attract someone’s attention:	làm ai chú ý
- get off ≠ get on:	
- appropriate (a):	thích hợp, đúng
- nod (v):	.
- clap (hands):	vỗ tay
- impolite (rude) ≠ polite (a):	.
- formal (a) ≠ informal (a):	..
- informality (n) ≠ formality (n):	.
- approach (v): come near:	.
- object to:	phản đối
- reasonable (a):	..
- (be) sorry for:	.
- break down:	..
- point at 	chỉ vào
Note: 
Would like + to-inf
Want + to-inf
Ex: Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
 I want to be a doctor.
Lời khen ngợi
Lời cảm ơn
- You really have a beautiful _______.
- You look really nice with ________.
- Your hairstyle is terrific.
- Your English is better than many Americans.
- Thank you / Thanks. That’s a nice compliment.
- You’ve got to be kidding! I thought it was terrible.
- I’m glad you like it.
- Thanks. That’s very nice of you to say so.
* Trọng âm của những từ có hai âm tiết:
- Trọng âm chỉ được đặt trên từ gốc. Phần được thêm vào (tiếp đầu ngữ hay tiếp vĩ ngữ) không được tính là vần/âm tiết.
1. Danh từ và tính từ:
- Trọng âm được đặt ở vần đầu
Ex: ‘table, ‘happy, ‘lucky, ‘weather
- Một số danh từ có trọng âm ở từ gốc
Ex: de’sign, be’lief, ac’cept, de’mand..
- Danh từ tận cùng –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt trên vần này
Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon..
2. Động từ:
- động từ tận cùng bằng –OW, -EN, -Y, -EL, -LE, -ISH: trọng âm ở vần thứ nhất
Ex: ‘follow, ‘finish, ‘carry, ‘suffer, ‘harden, ‘answer
- động từ tận cùng bằng –ATE: trọng âm đặt ở vần hai
Ex: trans’late, cre’ate..
EXERCISE
1.	a. generation	b. marriage	c. value	d. be