Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Unit 8: Life In The Future
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A – GLOSSARY A. Reading - pessimistic [,pesi'mistik]adj):bi quan - a pessimistic (n): người bi quan - pessimist(n) người bi quan ≠optimistic [,ɔpti'mistik](adj): lạc quan - optimist (n); người lạc quan - terrorism ['terərizəm](n): sự khủng bố - terrorist ['terərist]n)(adj) - labor-savinga): tiết kiệm sức lao động - wipe sth out v): xĩa bỏ, hủy bỏ - space shuttlen): tàu con thoi - depression [di'pre∫n]n): tình trạng suy thĩai - economic depression: suy thĩai về kinh tế - corporation [,kɔ:pə'rei∫n]n): cơng ty kinh doanh - far [fa:]adv): nhiều - medical system: hệ thống y tế - domestic chores [də'mestik t∫ɔ:]n): cơng việc vặt trong nhà - burden ['bə:dn]n): gánh nặng - for better or worse: bất chấp hậu quả ra sao - micro-technologyn); cơng nghệ vi mơ - telecommunications [,telikə,mju:ni'kei∫nz]n); viễn thơng - to be bound to do sth: chắc chắnlàm cái gì) - to have a huge influence on: cĩ ảnh hưởng lớn đến - to go electronic [,ilek'trɔnik]v): được điện khí hĩa - to disappear [,disə'piə]v): biến mất - linked ['liηkt] to: được kết nối với - to run on:tiếp tục chạy - methane gas ['mi:θein gỉs]n): khí mê-tan - to be fitted with: được lắp đặt - progress ['prougres]n); sự tiến bộ - straight-line [streit lain]n): đường thẳng - to expect [iks'pekt]v): mong đợi - unexpected [,ʌniks'pektid] - responsibily [ri,spɔnsə'biləti]n): trách nhiệm - to be responsible to sb for sth -to contribute [kən'tribju:t]v): đĩng gĩp - contributionn) -to better one’s own life: cải thện cuộc sống của chính mình - violent ['vaiələnt]adj): bạo lực - to force [fɔ:s]v): bắt buộc - spacecraft ['speis'krɑ:ft]n): tàu vũ trụ - space station: trạm vũ trụ - to bring about: xảy ra - dramatic [drə'mỉtik]adj): gây ấn tượng - dramaticallyadv) B. Speaking - holidaymakern): người đang đi nghỉ mát - resort [ri:'zɔ:t]n): khu nghỉ mát - Jupite ['dʒu:pitə]n): sao Mộc - Mars [ma:z]n): sao hỏa - cure [kjuə]for sth n): phương thuốc - to declarev): tuyên bố - declared [di'kleəd]adj): được cơng khai - astronaut ['ỉstrənɔ:t]n)nhà du hành vũ trụ=spaceman,cosmonaut - to land [lỉnd]v): đổ bộ - citizen ['sitizn]n); cơng dân - fatal disease [feilt di’zi:z]: bệnh chết người - atmosphere ['ỉtməsfiə]n): khí quyển - costly ['kɔstli]adv): đắt tiền, quí giá - prediction [pri'dik∫n]n): lời dự đĩan C. Listening - incredible [in'kredəbl]adj): tuyệt vời= fantastic, unbelievable - cetenarian [,senti'neəriən]n): người sống tới trăm tuổi - eradicate [i'rỉdikeit]v): thủ tiêu, tiệt trừ - life expectancy[ laif iks'pektənsi]n): tuổi thọ trung bình - eternal [i:'tə:nl]adj): vĩnh cữu, bất diệt - eternal life(n) - to mushroom ['mʌ∫rum]v): phát triển nhanh - factor ['fỉktə]n); nhân tố - to cure [kjuə]v): chữa cho khỏi nệnh - curable ['kjuərəbl]adj): chữa được≠incurable: khơng chữa được - to be based on: dựa vào,căn cứ vào - research [ri'sə:t∫, 'ri:sə:t∫]n): sự nghiên cứu - average ['ỉvəridʒ]adj); trung bình - providing [prə'vaidiη]conj): với điều kiện là, miễn là - to cut down: giảm bớt - alcohol ['ỉlkəhɔl]n): = winen); rượu - to add [ỉd] v): thêm vào - medical science ['medikl 'saiəns]n): y học - to die from old age: chết vì tuổi già - to affect [ə'fekt]v): tác động tới - to be brought under control: bị chế ngự, bị kiềm chế - science fiction['saiəns 'fik∫n]n): truyện khoa học viễn tưởng D. Writing - conflict ['kɔnflikt]n): mâu thuẫn - to conflict with sth - be under the threat of terrorism(v): trong sự đe dọa của CN khủng bố - harmony ['hɑ:məni]n): sự hịa hợp, hịa thuận - materialistic [mə,tiəriə'listik]adj): theo CN vật chất - ideal [ai'diəl]adj): lí tưởng - peace [pi:s]n): hịa bình - peaceful(adj) - desire [di'zaiə]n): sự khát khao - selfish[‘selfi] adj): ích kỉ - loving ['lʌviη]adj): âu yếm, đằm thắm - concern [kən'sə:n]n): sự quan tâm - to be similar to: giống nhau, tương tự - to let sb down: bỏ rơi ai đĩ - to face: đương đầu, đối phĩ - the chemist’s[‘kemist]n): cửa hàng dược phẩm - the butcher’s ['but∫ə]n): cửa hàng thịt B – GRAMMAR Articles (Mạo từ) Mạo từ gồm cĩ hai loại : - Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE, và - Mạo từ khơng xác định (indefinite articles): A, AN, A, Mạo từ bất định (Indefinite unifies): 1 Use (Cách dùng): Mạo từ khơng xác định (Indefinite article) : A, An : chi được dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít. e.g.: a pen, an orange,... a. với nghĩa chung chung. e.g.: A cat is an animal. b. để mơ tả, phân loại, và giới thiệu. e.g.: The "Tuoi Tre" is a newpaper. c. với nghĩa "ONE”. e.g.: This is a big school. d. Với danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp số ít. e.g.: I’m a pupil. e. với danh từ chỉ bệnh tật (ở số ít), e.g.: He has a headache. f. Với danh từ được nĩi đến lần đầu; khi được nhắc đến những lần sau, danh từ được đứng trước bởi "THE". e.g.: I see a strange man in the park. The man looks like a German. g. trong câu cảm thán (an exclamatory sentence) với “WHAT + danh từ số ít", e.g.: What a nice house! h. với từ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, sự năng diễn,... e.g.: $5 a pound, 50 km an hour, once a week,... i. với cụm từ chỉ số lượng bất định : a couple, a little, a few, a lot of, a number of, a great deal of,... 2. Trường hợp khơng dùng mạo từ bất định a. trước danh từ số nhiều và danh từ khơng đếm được. b. Trước danh từ chỉ bữa ăn và thức ăn (nĩi chung) e.g.: I usually have coffee in the morning. (Tơi thường uống cà phê vào buổi sáng.) When do you often have breakfast? (bạn thường ăn sáng khi nào) B. Mạo từ xác định (Definite article) : THE 1. Use (Cách dùng): THE được dùng : a. cho những vật duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth.... b. cho danh từ được xác định hay được nĩi đến lần thứ hai. c. trước so sánh tuyệt đối (a superlative), và từ ONLY, e.g.: This is the tallest building in the town. (Đây là cao ốc cao lớn nhất trong thành phố.) d. trước số thứ tự và những từ như : NEXT, LAST, SAME, RIGHT, WRONG... e.g.: Is this the first time you've come to Vietnam? (Phải đây là lần đầu tiên bạn đến Việt Nam khơng?) e. trước danh từ chỉ nhạc cụ (musical instruments). f. Trước tên riêng : nhà hàng, khách sạn, viện bào tàng, thư viện, rạp chiếu phim, rạp hát, báo, tạp chí. g. Trước địa danh : sơng, hồ, đại dương, biển, sa mạc, tên quốc gia ở số nhiều hay liên bang). h. trước danh từ chỉ phương hướng : in the south, go to the north,... i. tính từ và phân từ dùng làm danh từ: the rich, the injured, the young,... j. danh từ chỉ tên cao ốc cơng cộng, tổ chức : the University of HoChiMinh City,... C. Trường hợp khơng dùng mạo từ : THE, A, AN Trước danh từ trừu tượng (nghĩa tổng quát). e.g.: Man fears dealh. danh từ chỉ mơn thể thao. Tên đường phố, thành phố, quốc gia (số ít), cơng viên, lục địa, đỉnh núi: Le Loi Street, Ha Noi. Tao Dan Park. danh từ sau kí hiệu sở hữu (possessive sign), e.g.: This is Mr Nam’s house. danh từ như : bed, school, hospital, prison, university, college.. . với ý nghĩa mục đích. e.g.: When did you go to school? He goes to bed after 11 pm. C – EXERCISES PRACTICE I. Choose the word whose vowel sound is different from that of the provide one. 1. life wipe Chinese micro Jupiter 2. sort worse chore launch thought 3. ahead breath threat disease fresh 4. good could food pull foot 5. out bound found how ought 6. thank space hand happen travel 7. power own our crowd count 8. speed peace scene few piece 9. straight great air take aim 10. achieve peace receive street science II. What do you call a person who 1. Thinks that the worst thing will happen in every situation? 2. Uses violence in order to achieve political aims? 3. Is 100 years old or older? 4. Tends to expect that good things will happen? 5. Travels and works in space? 6. Wants to protect the environment? 7. Is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure? 8. Studies one or more of the natural science? 9. Has the legal right to belong to a particular country? 10. Has a job in politics, esp. a member of the government? III. Complete each of the sentences with the correct form of the word form the box. Pessimist eradicate optimistic expected incredible Eternal efficient terrorize expect depress 1. Inflation will never be completely..from the economy. 2. Public cooperation is vital in the fight against.. . 3. He is now so weak the doctors are..about his chances of making a full recovery. 4. The government expressed..about the success of the negotiations 5. Many people lost their jobs in the great..of the 1930s. 6. Japanese people have a very high life.. . 7. Will the universe continue to expand..? 8. The inspectors were impressed by the speed and..of the new system. 9. Help came from an..quarter. 10. It was..difficult to fit everyone in. IV. Fill in blank with one appropriate word to complete the passage. Ask most people (1)..is happening to the world’s population and they are likely to say it is exploding. Ask them (2)..there will be enough food next century and they will say no. Ask them (3)..the world’s energy supplies and they will say they are running (4)..and we will all be sitting in the dark and cold next century. Ask them what they think (5)..raw materials and they will say we are using them up (6)..a rate that will mean there are none (7)..for our Grandchildren. These statements have two things (8)..common. They are too gloomy, if not about this century then the next. And they are all wrong. Or so it is persuasively argued in a book (9)..tries to chart our future (10)..the next quarter century. Most of the attention the book has received so far has concentrated (11)..its forecasts for Britain and the prospect (12)..five million unemployed. V. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the prepositions in, on or at. 1. John F. Kennedy was the first president of the United States to be born..the twentieth century. 2. Fruit treets generally bloom..April or May. 3. Gettysburg, the greatest battle ever fought..North America, took place..July 1863. 4. I like to shower..the morning, but my roommate likes to shower..night. 5. The President livesthe White House, which is located..1600 Pennsylvania Avenue .. Washington, D.C. 6. Many advertising egencies are located..Madison Avenu..New York City. 7. Mozart died.Vienna..1791..the age of 35. 8. I saw several people I know.the barbecue...Saturday afternoon. 9. Leaves turn red and gold..the autumn. 10. Most college football games are played..Saturdays. 11. People remember the dead..the anniversary of the terrorist attack. 12. Lisa’s birthday is..the end of March, ..March 29. 13. There will be lots of excitement..the coming weeks. 14. Dean Hughes office is..the Administration Building..the third floor. 15. Crowds of football fans..blue shirts were coming along the street. 16. Did you hear that news....television or read it..the newspaper? 17. Videophones are not practical..present, but they may be..the near future. 18. The members of a jury are chosen..random from a list of voters. 19. Mr. Grigsby is..charge of the marketing department. 20. I’m sure he didn’t break the plate..purpose. VI. Put in the missing preposition. 1. The teacher says we’ve got to do the test, so there’s no point.. arguing..it. 2. They succeeded..escaping..the burning house. 3. I am not interested..anything that happened..the very remote past. 4. I wasn’t aware..any problems..the new design. 5. The children are very fond..swimming..summer they spend most of their time..the water. 6. How are you getting..at school? – I’m getting..all right except..English. I’m very bad..it. 7. I’m sorry..being late..Monday. 8. I’m not exactly keen..cooking, but I prefer it.. washing up. 9. I object..being kept waiting. Why can’t you be..time? 10. I was so afraid..missing the train that I took a taxi..the station. 11. I first learnt..his decision to resign when it was announ..the radio last night. 12. I disapprove..people who make all sorts..promises which they have no intention .. keeping. 13. The government has agreed..a puplic inquiry..the Helicopter crash. 14. Doctors are concerned..the prospect..heart patients having to wait up a year for surgery. 15. I Think it’s important to become familiar..cultures and customs different..your own. 16. It is good to be pleased..ourselves and proud .. Ourselves when we have done a good job. 17. There is a severe lack..affordable housing..the city and many people are homeless. 18. Benny Carter had a significant influence..the development..British jazz. 19. I am against any form of cruelty..animals and would support a ban..hunting. 20. She stared in amazement..the sight that met her eyes – Dave had shaved all his hair.. . VII. Complete the sentences, using the information given. Add suitable propositions and make any other grammatical changes if necessary. 1. The hotel gives you everything except a toothbrush! It provides............. 2. She looks like my cousin. She reminds me........... 3. ‘Well done. I’m so glad you’ve passed your exam.’ I congratulated her........... 4. It’s wrong to keep offering people drinks. Don’t keep plying........ 5. They said I’d borrowed the car without asking. They accused......... 6. I’d like to meet your parents. Please introduce........... 7. My aunt sent me a wonderful present. I must write and thank........ 8. Some people ruin their ơn lives. But you fust can’t prevent........... 9. £100 sounds reasonable for that camera. Have you looked at prices in other shops? Have you compared......... 10. It’s not safe these dáy to make remarks about a woman’s appearance. Feminists think it is ‘sexist’ to compliment........ VIII. Put a/ an, the or zero article (-) in the spaces. Give all possible answers. 1. Last night we had..terrible storm. Our children were fright-ened by..thunder. 2. Frank Lloyd Wright is..name of..famous architect. He is..architect who designed..Guggenheim Museum in New York 3. ..happiness of the majority depends on..hard work from everyone. 4. It was..day that would remain in my memory forever. 5. ..music plays an important part in..film. And I thought..music used in this film was..best part. 6. ..washing machine had had a huge impact on..people’s lives since it was invented. 7. ..special award was given to..novelist Ian McMurphy. 8. It is..sad fact that..money buys political power in many countries. 9. Do you remember..Wilmotts? They used to live opposite us. 10. ..bicycle is..important means of transport for many people with no access to..public transport. 11. ..earthquake in..south of the country has left thousands homeless. 12. I don’t usually have..breakfast, but I always eat..big lunch. 13. ..World Wide Fund for Nature organized a major campaign to save..tiger. 14. We met our good friendJean Wools when we were in ..Plymouth. 15. Margaret loved having holidays at..seaside, but her doctor advised her to spend time in..warm climate. 16. He found himself..face toface with..Lieutenant Evans. 17. She was...first woman to cros..Atlantic in ..canoe. 18. After she had..leisurely dinner downstairs Julia played ..piano for..while. 19. They are at...sea now. They write that they are having..marvelous time. 20. When he was in..hospital she could not getpermission to visit him. IX. Insert a/ an, the or no article (-) (1)..world wildlife is in (2)..danger. (3)reasons are complex – (4)..world’s population is expanding, and the increasingly (5)..man is destroying more and more of (6)..natural environment. (7)..last dodo in (8)..world died on (9)....island of Mauritius in (10)..late seventeenth century. Today, (11) ..black rhino in Kenya could go (12)..same way. There is (13)..world-wide trade - much of it illegal – in (14)...animals and birds. (15)..particular favorite, and one severely threatened with (16)..extinction through smuggling is (17)..orang-utan, which only survives in (18)..forests of Borneo and Sumatra. (19)..fierce argument is now raging about how to protect (20) ..most endangered species. Some people argue that (21)zoos, with their research work and breeding programmes, offer (22) ..best hope, and (23)..protection from international smugglers. But some of (24)..older zoos have (25)..disadvantage of (26)..cramped city conditions, though (27) ..zoo with (28)..wide open spaces like Whipsnade Zoo in (29)..Bedfordshire countryside north of London is seen as offering (30)..pleasant habitat. X. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets. 1. Amy’s cold started last week, and she’s still got it. (since) Amy.. 2. We moved here two years ago. (for) We. 3. I realized immediately that something was wrong. (once) I. 4. I last saw you at Liver’s party. (since) I. 5. When Sandra walked out of the meeting, she didn’t say goodbye to anyone. (without) Sandra left. 6. I don’t know them to speak to, though I’ve seen them. (sight) I only. 7. It’s months since I’ve bought any clothes. (for) I. 8. It’s six weeks now since the term began. (ago) The term. 9. I didn’t see her again for five years. (before) Five years. 10. What I want more than anything is peace and quiet. (all) What I want.. 11. I didn’t mean to break the vase. (purpose) I.... 12. The film starts half an hour from now. (in) The film.... TEST 1 Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. a. different b. terrorist c. contrary d. domestic a. future b. burden c. device d. certain a. development b. security c. pessimistic d. particular a. threaten b. appear c. modern d. instance a. experience b. technology c. environment d. optimistic Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. Many teenagers show signs of anxiety and _______ when being asked about their future. a. depress b. depression c. depressing d. depressed Constant _______ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here. a. threat b. threaten c. threatening d. threateningly No one can predict the future exactly. Things may happen _______. a. expected b. unexpected c. expectedly d. unexpectedly Someone who is _______ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular. a. powerful b. optimistic c. stagnant d. pessimistic There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing _______ that is worn on or in the body. a. device b. machinery c. equipment d. vehicle A _______ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times. a. plane b. corporation c. telecommunication d. shuttle An economic ________ is a time when there is very little economic activity, which causes a lot of unemployment and poverty. a. improvement b. depression c. development d. mission In the future many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost. a. companies b. services c. supermarkets d. farms The more powerful weapons are, the more terrible the _______ is. a. creativity b. history c. terrorism d. technology The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer. a. speed b. expectation c. improvement d. treatment Let's put off that meeting to next Monday. a. postpone b. schedule c. arrange d. appoint A nuclear station may take risk going off due to unexpected incidents. a. demolishing b. exploding c. developing d. running She is looking _______ a new place to live because she does not want to depend _______ her parents any more. a. for / on b. after / with c. up / forward d. at / into I was brought _______ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _______. a. on / over b. for / on c. on / off d. up / away Due to industrialization, we have to cope _______ the fact that many species are _______ danger _______ extinction. a. over / at / for b. at / upon / over c. for / on / with d. with / in / of Boys! Put your toys ______. It is time to go to bed. Don't stay _____ late. a. off / on b. away / up c. down / off d. around/ for She intended to quit her job to stay _______ home and look _______ her sick mother. a. in / at b. at / after c. for / over d. up / on He is very worried _______ his new job because he is not quite prepared _______ working. a. on / over b. to / off c. about / for d. in / at Instead _____ petrol, cars will only run ____ solar energy and electricity. a. of / on b. for / by c. in / over d. from/ upon She has a promising future ahead _______ her. a. for b. from c. on d. of What are your plans for _______ future? a. a b. an c. the d. Ø Up to now, _______ space exploring still remains _______ very risky, complex, and expensive endeavor. a. the / the b. a / the c. a / Ø d. Ø / a Within _______ few years, _______ private space travel has gone from concept to reality. a. Ø / an b. the / the c. the / a d. a / Ø With its long days, lack of _______ atmosphere, and wide-open spaces, _______ moon would also make an ideal place to put massive solar power plants. a. Ø / a b. an / the c. the / a d. an / Ø _______technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices, wireless technologies, and Internet connections. a. A b. An c. The d. Ø Error Identification Future is a time when most people assume that everything will keep getting better and future generations will enjoy A B C life in a more better world. D Many optimist people have made predictions about the positive impact of the increasing mechanization on human life. A B C D Imagine an entirely wireless world where the Net is "always on, always there", we live in endless sea of data, and A B C objects are alive with intelligent. D Electricity is the most critical energy for the future of many countries and cheap, plentiful electricity is associated for A B C high employment and productivity. D Our continuously economic growth, the maintenance of our quality of life and assurance of our security all depend A B C on a abundant, affordable supply of electricity. D Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. In the future, genetic engineering will allow us to create the perfect human. It will be hard to get used to. Parents will order a baby who 'will grow up to become his new job because he is not quite prepared a genius or to have a Miss World appearance. Also, genetic engineering will allow us to mix plants and animals. As computers have advanced, they have helped us remember, calculate, organize, and clarify. So it will become easier to deal with things, and much quicker. At a point in a future time, some may claim that computers become about as smart as Newton or Einstein. More advanced computers will be able to be creative, respond to feelings in a feeling way, develop intuition, recognize patterns, and suggest innovative alternatives. There is a hope if we choose to take action. We can select Internet information wisely, choose healthy computer games, limit our exposure to television commercials, and select television programs carefully. People will be aware of the importance of keeping active, getting outside to do more physical activities. We will also plan to make a major sacrifice the next time we buy a car, take the bus. Everybody will be more concerned about making environmentally friendly choices, eating healthy, and helping build a healthier society by shopping at better stores that sell better food. Most people will be aware that a happy, loving family is a joy to be part of, and that it is a necessary foundation for building a strong society. But it is extremely important for our future that we maintain a healthy perspective. We need to value and appreciate the importance of what can be achieved by loving and committed parents. People need a strong foundation, so it is vital for our society that we encourage parents to work at creating love, joy, and happiness for their children in a .decent, stable, and productive atmosphere. How many aspects of life in the future are referred in the text? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Fou
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