Đề cương ôn thi THPT môn Tiếng Anh năm 2017 - Bài: Chức năng của Từ loại

CHỨC NĂNG CỦA TỪ LOẠI
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.
 N
 Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.
 N
2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful.... Ex: She is a good teacher.
 His father works in hospital.
 Adj N
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ Ex: I like English. We are students.
4. Sau “enough” Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
Ex: This book is an interesting book.
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at..... . Ex: Thanh is good at literature.
II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.
2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj 
Ex: She is beautiful Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj 
Ex: He makes me happy
 O adj
3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj... Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough... Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home
6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as....as)
Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.
 Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.
7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V
 What + (a/an) + adj + N
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là chỉ tần suất: often, always, usually, seldom....)
Ex: They often get up at 6am.
2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
 TĐT adv V
3. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj
Ex: She is very nice.
 Adv adj
4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.
5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.
6. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
7. Đứng cuối câu
Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)
Ex: Last summer I came back my home country
 My parents had gone to bed when I got home.
 It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.
IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
 S V
 I believe her because she always tells the truth.
 S V S V
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI 
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship,-ism, -ity, -ness
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness...........
II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ Adj Ú Adv
Good-> well, late->late/lately, ill-> ill, fast-> fast
EXERCISE
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. 	
decide 	b. decision 	c. decisive 	d. Decisively
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
carefully 	b. careful	c. caring 	d. Careless
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations 	b. Relatives	c. relationship 	d. Related
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a .
a. biology	b. biologist	c. biological	d. biologically
5. She takes the .. for running the household.
a. responsibility	b. responsible 	c. responsibly 	d. responsiveness.
6. We are a very close-nit family and very .. of one another.
a. supporting 	b. supportive	c. support	d. supporter
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible 	b. responsibility 	
	c. responsibly 	 	d. irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
 	 a. biology 	b. biological 	c. biologist 	d. biologically
Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __.
agree 	b. agreeable 	c. agreement 	d. Agreeably
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide 	b. confident 	c. confidently 	d. Confidence
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry 	b. married 	c. marriageable 	d. marriage
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse 	b. diversity 	c. diversify 	d. diversification
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive	b. attraction	c.attractiveness	d.attractively
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude 	b. rudeness 	c. rudely 	d. rudest
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite 	b. politely 	c. politeness 	 	d. impoliteness 
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
	a. deaf	b. deafen	c. deafness	d. Deafened
17. His country has -------------- climate. 
a. continent 	b. continental	c. continence	d. Continentally
18. She has a -------------- for pink. 
a. prefer	b. preferential	c. preferentially	d. Preference
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
	a. widely 	b. wide 	c. widen 	d. Width
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
	a. comfort 	b. comfortable	c. comforted 	d. Comfortably
21. English is the language of --------------.
	a. communicative 	b. communication 	
	c. communicate 	d. communicatively 
22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------.
	a. choose	b. choice	c. choosing	d. Chosen
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
	a. instruct 	b. instructors 	c. instructions 	d. Instructive
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.	
	a. disappointment 	b. disappoint 	c. disappointed 	d. Disappointedly
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------. 
	a. harm 	b. harmful	c. harmless	d. Unharmed
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State.
	a. child	b. childhood	c. childish	d. Childlike
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
	a. interest	b. interestedly	c. interesting	d. interested	
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
	a. prepare	b. preparation	c. preparing	d. Prepared
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------.
	a. convenient	b. convenience	c. conveniently	d. Convene
30. She is -------------- in her book. 
	a. absorbed 	b. absorbent 	 	c. absorptive 	d. Absorb
31. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave.
	a. satisfy	b. satisfied	c. satisfying	d. unsatisfied
Tossing and turning at night could double the risk of a heart attack
 People who toss and turn in their sleep are twice as likely to suffer a heart attack, research suggests. Scientists said regular waking in the night should be seen as a warning of future ill-health.The study of nearly 13,000 people found that people who struggled to sleep through the night were 99 per cent more likely to suffer from heart attacks or severe angina.
 Those who took more than half an hour to fall asleep or got less than six hours of sleep a night were also at increased risk. The Japanese research did not establish why there were such a strong association between sleep and heart health. But scientists said that the act of constant waking might cause “overactivity” in the nervous system, which could raise heart the heart rate and blood pressure, placing extra strain on the heart.
 Poor sleep could also be a symptom of poor health, meaning that those with heart problems were less likely to get a decent night’s sleep. The research found people who took more than half an hour to fall asleep had a 52 per cent increased heart attack risk and 48 per cent increased risk of a stroke. And those who got less than six hours of sleep a night were 24 per cent more likely to have a heart attack.
Scientist: Warming Brings More Rain to Storms like Harvey
 A storm named Harvey set a rainfall record in the continental United States this week. It dumped 1.32 meters of water over southeastern Texas. The former rainfall record was set in 1978 as Tropical Storm Amelia dropped 1.21 meters of rainfall in the same area, according to the National Weather Service.
 Scientists say this may show what the future will be because of global warming. They say climate change did not cause Harvey. But they note that warmer air and water mean wetter and possibly more intense hurricanes in the future. “This is the kind of thing we are going to get more of,” said Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer. “This storm should serve as warning.”
 Scientific methods can be used to study if Harvey is tied to man-made climate change. It involves complex mathematical processes. And it will take weeks or months to complete the study and even longer to be reviewed by other scientists. But in general, climate scientists agree that the future storms will drop much more rain than the same sized storms that came before.
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