Đề ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Unit 1: Home life

UNIT 1
HOME LIFE
1. Ngữ õm:
Cỏch phỏt õm đuụi ‘s’:
A. 4 trường hợp:
+ Danh từ số nhiều: 
Ex: How many penS are there in your schoolbag?
+ Động từ thời hiện tại đơn sau chủ ngữ ngụi thứ 3 số ớt: 
Ex: He goES to school by bus
+ Sở hữu cỏch của danh từ: 
Ex: Mary’S brother is a doctor
+ Dạng rỳt gọn của “is” hoặc “has”: 
Ex: He’S been a famous student since he was 15 years old
B. Quy tắc:
1. Phỏt õm là /s/ khi từ tận cựng bằng cỏc phụ õm vụ thanh: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/
Examples
Transciption
Meaning
Develops
/dɪˈveləpS/
Phỏt triển
Meets
/miːtS/
Gặp gỡ
Books
/bʊkS/
Những cuốn sỏch
Laughs	
/ lổfS/	
Những tiếng cười
Months
/mʌnθS/
Nhiều thỏng
	
2. Phỏt õm là /z/ khi từ tận cựng bằng cỏc phụ õm hữu thanh /b/, /v/, /ð/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /әu/, /ei/, và cỏc nguyờn õm
Examples
Transciption
Meaning
Pubs
/pʌbZ/	
Những quỏn rượu
Birds
/bɜːrdZ/
Những con chim
Buildings
/ˈbɪldɪŋZ/
Những cao ốc
Lives
/ lɪvZ/
Sống; ở
Breathes
/briːðZ/
Thở
Rooms
/ruːmZ/
Những căn phũng
Means
/miːnZ/
Nghĩa là, ý là
Things
/θɪŋZ/
Nhiều thứ
Fills
/fɪlZ/
Điền vào, lấp đầy
Cars
/kɑːrZ/
Những chiếc xe ụ tụ
Dies
/daɪZ/
Chết
Windows
/ˈwɪndoʊZ/
Những cỏi cửa sổ

3. Phỏt õm là /ɪz/ khi từ tận cựng bằng cỏc phụ õm giú /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/
Examples
Transciption
Meaning
Kisses	
/'kɪsIZ/	
Hụn/ Những nụ hụn
Dances	
/'dổnsIZ/
Nhảy mỳa
Boxes
/'bɑːksIZ/
Những chiếc hộp
Roses
/'roʊzIZ/
Những bụng hoa hồng
Dishes
/'dɪʃIZ/	
Những chiếc đĩa (thức ăn)
Rouges
/'ruːʒIZ/
Đỏnh phấn hồng
Watches
/'wɑːtʃIZ/
Xem
Changes
/'tʃeɪndʒIZ/
Thay đổi
	
Trường hợp đặc biệt với õm /θ/ sẽ cú 2 cỏch đọc là /z/ hoặc /s/ khi thờm _s vào cuối cõu, vớ dụ:
Examples
Transciption
Meaning
Baths
/bổθS/ - /bổðZ/
Tắm

Trường hợp đặc biệt với từ HOUSE ~ /haʊS/
Examples
Transciption
Meaning
houSES
/ˈhaʊZɪz/
Những ngụi nhà

2. Ngữ phỏp và cấu trỳc:
Tense Revision : (Nguồn : 
a) Past Simple Tense:
*Affirmative:
S + V_2/ed	 
*Negative:
S + did not / didn’t + V
*Interrogative:
Did + S + V?
*Một số dấu hiệu nhận biết Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn: yesterday, the other day, last night, last week, three days ago, a few minutes ago, in (year), from (year) to (year), etc.
b) Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense:
*Affirmative:
S + was / were + V_ing	 
*Negative:
S + wasn’t / weren’t (was not / were not) + V_ing
*Interrogative:
Was / Were + S + V_ing?
*Một số dấu hiệu nhận biết Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn: While, when, at that time, at + time in the past.
*Nhớ rằng khụng được sử dụng Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn với cỏc động từ như seem, know, feel, hear, smell, taste, hate, hope, mean, prefer, love, like, etc.
c) Present Perfect Tense
*Affirmative:
S + has / have + V_3/ed	 
*Negative:
S + hasn’t / haven’t (has not / have not) + V_3/ed
*Interrogative:
Has / Have + S + V_3/ed?
*Một số dấu hiệu nhận biết Thỡ hiện tại hoàn thành: just, recently, lately, already, before, ever, never, for + time (for a year, for a long time, ), since + time (since 2000, since June, ), yet, so far = until now = up to now = up to the present, etc.
*Một số cấu trỳc viết lại cõu hay gặp:
1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago.
đ S + have / has + V_3/ed / been V_ing + for / since + time.
Ex: She began to play the piano 5 years ago.
đ She has played / has been playing the piano for 5 years.
2. S + last + V_2/ed + time + ago.
đ S + have / has + not + V_3/ed + for + time.
đ It’s + time + since + S + last + V_2/ed.
đ The last time + S + V_2/ed + was + time + ago.
Ex: It last snowed 2 weeks ago.
đ It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks
đ It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed.
đ The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago.
3. This is the first time + S + have / has + V_3/ed.
đ S + have / has + never + V_3/ed + before.
đ S+ have / has not + V_3/ed + before.
Ex: This is the first time I have met him.
đ I have never met him before.
đ I haven’t met him before.
4. This is / It is + the superlative (est / most ADJ N) + (that) S + have / has + V_3/ed.
đ S + have / has + never + V_3/ed + such a/an+ ADJ + N.
đ S + have / has never + V_3/ed + a more + ADJ + N than this.
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.
đ I have never read such an interesting novel.
đ I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel).
BÀI TẬP
I. Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
1. Tom: “Was John at the party when you arrived?” – Linda: “No, he ______ home.”
A. went 
B. was going
C. has gone
D. had gone
2. She ______ the piano when she was a child.
A. played
B. was playing
C. has played
D. had played
3. Someone ______ my bike! Now I’ll have to walk home.
A. steals
B. stolen
C. has stolen
D. had stolen
4. In the middle of the night, I _____ on the sofa when someone ______ at the door.
A. had slept – was knocking
B. was sleeping – knocked 
C. slept – was knocking
D. was sleeping – had knocked
5. By the time my brother _____to the airport, he _____ some new books for his study at the university.
A. went – have bought
B. had gone – bought
C. went – had bought
D. was going – was buying
6. _______ the eldest child, you should be setting a good example to your younger brother.
A. Be
B. Is
C. To Be
D. Being
7. Many people are ready to ______ to improve health care around the world.
A. gather heads
B. consider legs
C. open hearts
D. join hands
8. They closed the road in an ______ to reduce traffic in the city.
A. attempt
B. advance
C. effort
D. ability
9. I am ______ a lot of study pressure because I am now in my final year at the secondary school.
A. above
B. with
C. under
D. on
10. My mother need someone dependable to _______ the children while she is at work.
A. look up
B. look after
C. look into
D. look on
11. Laura: “______ do you throw a party in your garden?” – Peter: “Twice a month.”
A. How rarely
B. How far
C. How long
D. How often
12. Because they are a ______ and supportive of one another, they often share their feelings and whenever problems come up, they discuss them frankly and quickly find solutions.
A. close-knit 
B. close-founded
C. close-worn
D. close-made
13. We are fed up ______ your perpetual moaning.
A. with
B. by
C. of
D. at
14. As there was no transport of any kind, he had to make the journey ______ foot.
A. by
B. at
C. on
D. with
15. He is not willing _______ the risk of losing his money.
A. afforded
B. afford
C. to afford
D. affording
16. Dentists recommend brushing teeth with a fluoride toothpaste to ______ them from decay.
A. defend
B. protect
C. arm
D. guard
17. My older brother has recently ______ golf to provide himself with some relaxation.
A. taken on 
B. taken over 
C. taken with 
D. taken up
18. The management has authorized wage increase for all ______.
A. employees
B. employers
C. citizens
D. residents
19. These measures have been taken with a ______ to increasing the company’s profits.
A. view 
B. purpose 
C. goal
D. reason
20. This is ______ the best eel soup I have ever eaten.
A. by rights 
B. by all means 
C. by the way 
D. by far
21. We both ______ an attempt to be friendly despite recent arguments.
A. took
B. made
C. did
D. led
22. It is ______ pity that you cannot go out with my friends.
A. so 
B. many a
C. such as
D. such a 
23. According to the boss, John is the most _______ for the position of executive secretary.
A. comfortable
B. suitable
C. caring 
D. supportive 
24. I would rather ______ at than quarrel with him.
A. laugh
B. laughing
C. be laughed
D. being laughed
25. If you want to be an actor you have to really ______ yourself to it.
A. commit
B. conform
C. admit
D. adapt
26. I’m feeling a bit _______ the weather, I think I’m getting a cold.
A. with
B. for
C. upon
D. under
27. The young birds manage to fly several kilometres at their first ______.
A. try
B. attempt
C. doing
D. aim
28. The ______ listened attentively to every word the vicar said in his sermon.
A. sightseers 
B. congregation 
C. spectators
D. audience
29. Luckily I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____ seriously.
A. would be injured
B. will have been injured
C. will be injured
D. would have been injured
30. Not ______ did she refuse to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. even 
B. only
C. at all 
D. always 
31. _______ I realised the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.
A. Had 
B. If
C. When
D. Unless
32. It’s awful when everyone else around you has been drinking and you’re as ______ as a judge.
A. calm 
B. steady
C. clear
D. sober
33. We cannot judge a person simply on the ______ of his education.
A. condition 
B. basis
C. principle
D. theory
34. I don’t know how old the bridge is, but I know it was built well ______.
A. behind the times 
B. at the same time
C. before my time 
D. for the time being
35. Picasso, ______ works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age.
A. who 
B. which
C. what
D. whose
36. We believe that the cumulative effects of renewed prosperity will ______ expectations.
A. undermine
B. overcome
C. surpass
D. succeed
37. ______ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.
A. Judged the best
B. To be judged the best
C. Judging the best
D. Having judged the best
38. Daisy: “What a lovely house you have!” – Mary: “______.”
A. Lovely, I think so
B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in
C. Of course not, it’s not costly
D. No problem
39. You have to know ______ Vietnam’s Independence Day is annually celebrated.
A. which 
B. that
C. when
D. on which
40. My father works as a police officer. He isn’t allowed to drink alcohol ______ duty.
A. at
B. on
C. with 
D. during
41. These seats are ______ for special guests.
A. preserved
B. reserved
C. retained
D. sustained
42. My team are unable to agree on whom we should elect to ______ David.
A. release
B. replace
C. retire
D. resign
43.The money I have saved is ______ for buying a car.
A. proficient
B. efficient
C. potential
D. sufficient
44. ______ people depend to such a great extent on forests, every effort must be made to preserve trees and wildlife.
A. While
B. Since
C. Yet 
D. Still
45. Don’t run so much.You’ll exhaust yourself before the game ______.
A. begins
B. will begin
C. will have begun
D. have gun
46. I don’t like turing down work, but I’ll have to, I’m afraid. I’ve got far too much ______ at the moment.
A. up my sleeve 
B. on my plate 
C. on my mind 
D. in effect 
47. You’d better not tease Samantha when she’s tired. You know how ______ she gets.
A. ratty 
B. sleepish 
C. catty 
D. tipsy 
48. I’m going to an interview. I hope I get the job, please ______ for me.
A. keep your fingers 
B. hold your fingers crossed
C. hold your fingers 
D. keep your fingers crossed
49. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.
A. out of work 
B. out of stock 
C. out of reach 
D. out of practice
50. As a student, he took an evening job to keep the ______ from the door.
A. wolf
B. dog
C. pig
D. bear
II. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:
AMERICAN FAMILY
Belonging to a family is one bond almost everyone in the world shares, but family patterns vary from country to country. The United States has many different types of families. While most American families are traditional, comprising a father, mother and one or more children, 22.5 percent of all American families in 1983 were headed by one parent, usually a woman. In a few families in the United States, there are no children. These childless couples may believe that they would not make good parents; they may want freedom from the responsibilities of child-rearing; or, perhaps they are not physically able to have children. Other families in the United States have one adult who is a stepparent. A stepmother or stepfather is a person who joins a family by marrying a father or mother.
Americans tolerate and accept these different types of families. In the United States, people have the right to privacy and Americans do not believe in telling other Americans what type of family group they must belong to. They respect each other’s choices regarding family groups.
Families are very important to Americans. One sign that this is true is that Americans show great concern about the family as an institution. Many Americans believe there are too many divorces. They worry that teenagers are not obeying their parents. They are concerned about whether working women can properly care for their children.
Families give Americans a sense of belonging and a sense of tradition. Families give Americans strength and purpose.
Families serve many functions. They provide a setting in which children can be born and reared. Families help educate their members. Parents teach their children values - what they think is important. They teach their children daily skills, such as how to ride a bicycle. They also teach them common practices and customs, such as respect for elders and celebrating holidays. The most important job for a family is to give emotional support and security.
1. How many types of families exist there in the USA?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
2. What is the attitude of Americans to the types of family groups?
A. permissive
B. disagreeable
C. careless
D. reckless
3. Why is a family important to Americans?
A. Because marriage is not easy in America
B. Because family is the best place for them to live in
C. Because only women in families are able to care for their children well
D. Because family gives them strength and purpose
4. Why do some couples prefer to be childless?
A. They accept that they would not make good parents
B. They don’t want to have responsibilities for childcare
C. They are not physically able to have children. 
D. All of the above
5. What sense do families give to Americans?
A. a sense of freedom and a sense of jewellery
B. a sense of belonging and a sense of tradition
C. a sense of belonging and a sense of wonder
D. a sense of humour and a sense of tradition
6. What functions do families serve?
A. habitat and food 
B. money and life skills
C. emotional support and security
D. joyfulness and daily supplies
III. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:
HAPPY FAMILY
A family can be two or more people who share goals and values, have long-term commitments to one another, and usually live in the same house. Families range from all sorts of races, forms and sizes. Families differ in various ways but each one has its own definition of a happy home and family. So, what makes a happy family? There are many important factors that make a happy family.
Order is one of the important factors that make a happy family. With order there is no chaos or confusion in the home. A well-organized family will be able to function smoothly and easily in completing various tasks that each individual must do. When each individual knows his/her own responsibility, he/she is capable and able to bring more harmony and peace in the home. 
Quality time is definitely one aspect to having a happy family. This quality time spent together as a family no matter what the activity is will surely strengthen a family’s relationship. Quality time helps to develop a bond between family members. Not only will this strengthen ties, it will provide you with charitable memories of times spent together, whether it is having fun, being sad, happy, or bad.
In addition, a happy family must have an open communication between each individual. It is important that each member of the family is heard, either it be about a problem, sharing good news or just because that person is there. Everyone is important enough to have their own opinion. An open communication between parents and their children will help increase trust and decrease the problems of drug and alcohol abuse, teen pregnancy and crime. Also an open communication between a husband and wife will bring much understanding, appreciation, trust and much more. Being “open” with each other is something that is essential in a happy family, but may be very hard to do. Discussing our feelings amongst each other can help us to have a stronger bond. 
1. How many important aspects are there for each family to become a happy family?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
2. If every members in the family knows his/her own duty, _______.
A. He/She is incapable of doing well with others.
B. He/She is able to bring more safety and harmony in the home. 
C. He/She can be a good member of his/her family.
D. He/She can complete various tasks in his/her own family.
3. The word “crime” in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
A. felony
B. guilty
C. shame
D. innocence
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ______.
A. If family is well organized, there is no chaos or confusion in the home.
B. Family memebers have many memories of time together.
C. Quality time strengthen ties between family members.
D. All of the members live in the same house or not.
5. Being “open” can be undertood as _______.
A. empathy
B. private
C. separate
D. mutual
6. A husband and wife having an open communication will ______.
A. bring much understanding, appreciation, trust and much more.
B. help increase trust and decrease the problems of drug and alcohol abuse.
C. bring more harmony and peace in the home. 
D. be very hard to discuss their feelings.
IV. Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question:
NUCLEAR FAMILY
The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that includes two married parents of opposite genders and their biological or adopted children living in the same residence. However, the term “nuclear family” can mean several different things in today’s society. Understanding the classic roles in this type of family and how it is defined can help you understand the relationships in your own family, whether it’s nuclear or not.
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term “nuclear family” was first used in 1947, but the concept of a family that consists of just parents and children is much older. This basic unit of a family’s structure has existed for millennia, but it wasn’t until the 1960s and 1970s that the nuclear family became the majority situation. At that time, industrial economic booms and rising wages made it possible for young parents to afford their own homes without living with extended family members. At the same time, better healthcare contributed to the nuclear family, as elderly members became more self-sufficient and independent for decades after their children were grown.
Today, the era of the nuclear family is often glamorized, complete with mom in the kitchen, dad out earning the paychecks, and the kids building a tree house or hosting a stuffed animal tea party. In reality, there is no ideal type of family, and today’s definition of a nuclear family can greatly differ from that it was a few decades ago.
1. Nuclear family is ______.
A. a family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives. 
B. a family that includes only the father, mother, and children.
C. a family that includes a person’s parents, spouse, children and siblings.
D. a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both parents.
2. When was the term “nuclear family” officially used?
A. in 1947
B. in 1960
C. in 1970
D. until the 1960-1970
3. The word “millennia” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. 200 years
B. 500 years
C. about 10000 years
D. about 1000 years
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?
A. The children should take care of their elderly members after they are grown.
B. The nuclear family didn’t become the majority situation until the 1960s and 1970s. 
C. Understanding the roles in nuclear family helps you understand the relationships in your family.
D. Young parents afford their own homes because of industrial economic booms and rising wages.
5. The word “glamorized” in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
A. unexpected
B. disclaimed
C. desirable 
D. admirable
6. What do we need for a nuclear family?
A. Mother takes the responsibility for running the household.
B. Father brings home money earned at a job.
C. The children play around the house.
D. All of the above
V. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF FAMILIES
The International Day of Families is observed (1)______ the 15th of May every year. The Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 1993 and reflects the (2)______ the international community attaches to families. The International Day provides an opportunity to promote awareness of issues relating to families and to increase knowledge of the social, (3)______ and demographic processes affecting families.
The International Day of Families has inspired a series of awareness-raising events, (4)______ national family days. In many countries, that day provides an opportunity to highlight different areas of interest and importance to families. (5)______ include workshops and conferences, radio and television programmes, newspaper articles and cultural programmes highlighting relevant (6)______.
The central goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (7)______ ending poverty, promoting shared economic prosperity, social development and people’s well-being while protecting the environment. Families remain at the centre of social life ensuring the well-being of their members, educating and socializing children and youth and caring for young and old. 
(8)______, family-oriented policies can contribute (9)______ the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 1 to 5 relating to (10)______ with poverty and hunger; ensuring healthy lives and promoting of well-being for all ages; ensuring educational opportunities throughout the lifespan and achieving gender equality.
1.
A. in
B. on
C. at 
D. by
2.
A. import
B. important
C. importantly
D. importance
3.
A. economy
B. economic
C. economics
D. economical
4.
A. including 
B. include
C. includes 
D. including of
5.
A. Actualities
B. Actions
C. Activities
D. Activenesses
6.
A. melodies
B. themes
C. rhymes
D. chapters
7.
A. depend on
B. rely on
C. focus on 
D. go on
8.
A. In total
B. In all
C. In advance
D. In particular
9.
A. to
B. for
C. of
D. with
10.
A. going down
B. go down
C. doing away
D. do away
VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
A nuclear family or elementary family is a family group (1)______ a pair of adults and their children. It is in contrast to a single-parent family, to the larger extended family, and to a family with more than two parents. Nuclear families typically centre on a (an) (2)______ couple; the nuclear family may have any number of children. There are differences in definition among observers; some definitions allow only biological children that are full-blood siblings, but (3)______ allow for a stepparent and any mix of dependent children including stepchildren and adopted children.
Family structures of one married couple and their children (4)______ in Western Europe and New England in the 17th century, influenced (5)______ church and theocratic governments. With the emergence of proto-industrialization and early capitalism, the nuclear family became a financially viable social unit. The term nuclear family first (6)______ in the early twentieth century. Alternative definitions have evolved to include family units headed by same-sex parents and perhaps additional adult relatives who (7)______ a cohabiting parental role; in the latter case, it also receives the name of conjugal family.
The concept that a narrowly defined nuclear family is central to (8)______ in modern society has been promoted by familialists who are social conservatives in the United States, and has been challenged as historically and sociologically inadequate (9)_____ the complexity of actual family relations.
As a fertility factor, single nuclear family households generally have a higher number of children than co-operative living arrangements according (10)_____ studies both from the Western world and India.
1.
A. consisting 
B. consists of 
C. consisting of 
D. including of 
2.
A. married
B. dating
C. divorced
D. estranged 
3.
A. other
B. others
C. the other
D. the others
4.
A. had presented
B. presented
C. were present 
D. were presented 
5.
A. with
B. by
C. for
D. of 
6.
A. had appeared
B. have appeared
C. appears
D. appeared
7.
A. take on 
B. take up
C. take in
D. take at
8.
A. stability 
B. stabilize
C. stabilizer
D. stable
9.
A. describe 
B. to describe 
C. describing 
D. described 
10.
A. as
B. on
C. in
D. to
VII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with friendship.
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two (1)______ . We can try to beat i