Đề thi thử THPT Quốc gia năm 2023 môn Tiếng Anh - Đề luyện thi số 30 (Có đáp án)

ĐỀ LUYỆN THI SỐ 30 
BÁM SÁT ĐỀ MINH HỌA 2023
ĐỀ THI THỬ THPTQG NĂM 2023
CHUẨN CẤU TRÚC CỦA BỘ GIÁO DỤC 
Mơn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, khơng kể thời gian phát đề
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. artificial 	B. distance 	C. centre	D. cells 
Question 2: A. nature	B. manage	C. balance	D. campfire
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. suggest	B. involve	C. travel	D. sustain
Question 4: A. disappear	B. arrangement	C. opponent	D. contractual
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: Nobody phoned while I was out, _________?
	A. wasn’t I	B. was I	C. did they	D. didn’t they
Question 6.Whole-grain food products .. in most large supermarkets across the United States and Canada. A. now can purchase	B. can now be purchased C. now to purchase	D. the purchase of which
Question 7.Would you like to go shopping	______ Sunday morning?
A.of	B.about	C.at	D.on
Question 8: The competition makes the price of goods______________ . A. most cheap and cheap	 B. cheaper and cheaper	C. more cheap and more cheap	D. cheaper and more cheaper
Question 9: Please meet me at the train station in .................. hour from now. A. a B. an	C. the D. X
Question 10: She has been waiting for this opportunity since she ______from university.
	A. had graduated	B. graduated	C. has graduated	D. graduates
Question 11: The man wanted to avoid ........ on security cameras. a. to see b. seeing c .to be seen d. being seen
Question 12: ____ his homework, he will surf the social networks. A.At the time he finished B. After he had finished	 C. After he has finished 	D. By the time he was finishing
Question 13: _____to Ernest Hemingway’s, I think his books were unique. 
	A. Often been compared 	B. Having often compared 
	C. Having often been compared	D. Having been often compared
Question 14: We will create a stable, prosperous and highly ____ ASEAN Economic community. 
A. compete 	B. competition 	C. competitor 	D. competitive
Question 15: The United States, China and India are now competing for political influence in ASEAN, and France, a leading European country, does not want to be ___________.
	A. left out	B.put off	C.thought of 	D.led on
Question 16: Ian has no difficulty in ____ into use the perfect plans his friends have prepared for him. 
	A. lending	B.taking 	C.putting	D.heading 
Question 17: Action movies may have a negative _________ on children.
	A. opinion	B. influence	C. dependence	D. decision
Question 18: All the applicants for the post are thoroughly ________ for their suitability.
	A. searched	B. vetted	C. investigated 	D. scrutinized 
Question 19: Parents are always willing to lend a sympathetic ________ to their children when they have problems. A. hand 	B. ear	C. eye	D. paw 
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 20: Ha Long Bay has attracted millions of visitors who come to enjoy its breathtaking views and experience other activities. 
A. unbreathable	B. heartbreaking 	C. awe-inspiring	D. unforgettable 
Question 21: In spite of poverty and dreadful conditions, they still manage to keep their self-respect.
A. self-reliant 	B. self-restraint 	C. self-esteem 	D. self-assured 
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22: Her graceful performance of this traditional art form in the evening session was a real source of pleasure. A. attractive 	B. effortless 	C. inelegant 	D. sophisticated 
Question 23: Nam is considered to be the best student in our class because he's not only good at learning but also well-informed about everything around the world. A. perfectly-informed	B. badly-informed 	
C. bad-informed	D. ill-informed 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges
Question 24: A custom officer is talking to a client at the airport. - Officer: “Welcome. Can I see your ticket, please? “ - Client: “___________________” A. Yes, here you are.	B.Can you tell me how to get to gate A22?
C.Thank you for all your help. 	D.Can I have a seat near the emergency exit?
Question 25: Two friends are talking with each other about a musical concert. - A: “Hey, there is a musical concert in the park. Do you want to go seeing the band play?” - B: “___________________.”
A. How long ago did the band start playing at our park? B.I am done with my homework; I can go.
C.Oh, I like all kinds of music as long as it is not Hard Rock. D.My favorite is Rock and Roll music.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. 
Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its causes, (26) _______ people have yet to realize how severe the problem is. Coming climate changes could alter as much as one third of plant and animal habitats by the end of the 22nd century. These changes could in turn cause widespread extinctions among plant and animal species around the globe. 
Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (27) _______ they face the combined threats of warming oceans and rising sea levels. As habitats change, many animals will come under intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (28)_______ of at least some animals are certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will simply not be able to move fast enough. 
Such dire predictions may sound alarmist, but they are based on the rather moderate estimate that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by 2100. Many scientists believe, however, (29)_______ this figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is far more realistic. If they are (30) ____, the effects on nature will be even more dramatic. 
Câu 26: A. almost	B. most	C. most of	D. many of
Câu 27. A. although	B.providing	C.since 	D.therefore 
Câu 28. A. migrations	B.onslaught	C.emigration 	D.extinctions 
Câu 29: A. that	B. which 	C. when 	D. whether 
Câu 30.A. precise	B.true	C.exact 	D.correct
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
       In “How many hours does it take to make a friend?” (2018), Jeffrey A. Hall describes the types of encounters that build a friendship. 
His study found that hours of time spent together was linked with closer friendships, as was time spent enjoying leisure activities together. Specifically, he found that the chance of making a “casual friend,” as opposed to a mere acquaintance, was greater than 50 percent when people spent approximately 43 hours together within three weeks of meeting. He further found that casual friends evolve into friends at some point between 57 hours after three weeks, and 164 hours over three months. Hall's research also demonstrated, however, that when it comes to time spent developing friendships, quality is more important than quantity. And when it comes to conversation, topics matter. When it comes to building quality relationships, the duration of conversation is not as important as the content. Meaningful conversation is the key to bonding with others. 
       Hall found that when it comes to developing friendships, sharing daily life through catching up and joking around promotes closeness; small talk does not. Consider the inane topics that often come up when you are trapped in an elevator with an acquaintance. Discussing the weather or speculating on how many stops you will make before finally reaching the lobby does not facilitate bonding. Nor does mere proximity. Hall found that obligatory time spent together, such as in a classroom or workplace, does not promote closeness. Friendships require an efficient use of time together. Someone who remembers the details of your life and asks questions about your family, your job, your latest vacation, etc., is much more likely on his or her way to becoming someone you consider a friend, as opposed to an acquaintance.
Question31. Which best serves as the title for the passage? A. The priceless gift of time B.The cluttered social life
	C.A world of online acquaintances. 	D.From best friends to acquaintances. 
Question32. The word “he” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
	A. classmate	B.friend	C.acquaintance 	D.Jeffrey 
Question33. According to paragraph 2, what conclusion can be drawn from the finding of Jeffrey A. Hall? A. Constant contact exhausting, the pressure to be positive all day long is draining. B.Even in our fast-paced world, you can create friendships that truly last a lifetime. C.Both quantity and quality of time spent together contribute to spark true friendships. D.Individuals are motivated to engage in conversations that form and strengthen relationships. 
Question34. The word “inane” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
	A. silly	B.small	C.regular 	D.normal 
Question35. According to paragraph 3, what kind of setting can foster real amity?
	A. High-fiving with a stranger on the street.	B.Travelling with your friend on holiday.
	C.Boarding the same lift as your neighbor. 	D.Discussing with classmate for the class project.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
For hundreds of years, giving flowers have been a social means of communication. In the United States, flowers are often given during rites of passage, for commemorating special occasions or as a heartfelt gift between loved ones and friends. Flower gifting also occurs in most countries around the world. However, the meanings and traditions often vary.
While students traditionally gave their favorite teacher an apple in past years, in China, teachers are given flowers. Peonies are by far the flower most often given in China. They are also quite popularly used for weddings. Strangely, potted plants are not considered a pleasant gift among Asian cultures. The people believe that like a plant confined by a pot, the gift symbolizes a binding or restriction.
In Russia, in lieu of giving birthday presents, the guest of honor receives a single flower or an unwrapped bouquet. Floral arrangements or baskets are not given. Russians celebrate a holiday known as Woman’s Day. Traditional gifts include red roses, hyacinths or tulips. When there is a funeral or other occasion where someone wishes to express sympathy, carnations, lilies or roses are given in circular configurations, which signify the transition of birth, life and death to rebirth. In this instance, the color of choice is commonly yellow. For joyous occasions, arrangements and bouquets generally contain an odd number of flowers.
In the times of ancient Rome, brides carried flowers to scare away evil spirits and encourage fertility. The Dutch believed that flowers were food for the soul. When invited to someone’s home in Great Britain, it is tradition to bring a gift of flowers. All types are acceptable except white lilies, which are usually seen at funerals. Not unlike the United States, red roses are a symbol of love. Flowers are generally gifted in odd numbered increments regardless of the occasion. However, the Brits also have superstitions regarding the number 13, so the number is avoided.
In the southern region of the continent, flowers are traditionally given during Christmas. Egyptians are much more conservative and restrict flower gifting to funerals and weddings. While certain flowers may have significant meanings for some, flowers in Las Vegas and across the United States flowers are an accepted gift for any reason desired.
Question36. What does the topic mainly discuss? A. The fascinating tradition of giving flowers. B.The different meaning of flowers in different cultures. C.The comparison of giving flowers between Asian and European cultures. 
	D.The kinds of flowers people often give others in different cultures. 
Question37. What does the word “They” in paragraph 2 refer to?
	A. Students	B.Teachers	C.Flowers 	D.Peonies 
Question38. Why should not you give a potted plant to an Asian? A. Because the Asian prefer to be given flowers.
B.As this gift is often given at weddings in Asia. C.Since this gift is believed to symbolize a binding and limitation in Asia. D.Because the Asian students like to give an apple or flowers to others. 
Question39. According to the passage, the following flowers are given at Woman’s Day in Russia, EXCEPT ___________. A. red roses	B.hyacinths	C.tulips 	D.yellow roses 
Question40. What could the word “fertility” in paragraph 4 best be replaced by?
	A. fecundity	B.good spirit	C.happiness 	D.loyalty 
Question41. The word “superstitions” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
	A. deep-seated belief	B.unfounded belief	C.religious belief 	D.traditional belief 
Question42. It can be inferred from the passage that ___. A. People can give flowers to the American in any occasion. B. Egyptians are rather comfortable when receiving flowers at funerals and weddings. C.Flowers given in Britain are in even numbers in any case. D.At the funerals in any cultures, flowers are gifted in circular configurations.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the followingquestions.
Question 43: When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all.
Question 44: He passed the exams with high scores, which made her parents happy.
Question 45: Anyone who gambles on the stock exchange has to be prepared to loose money.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions
Question 46: I haven’t been here before. A. Being here is a pleasant experience.	
B. This is the first time I have been here . C. I have wished to be here for long.	D. Before long I will be here.
Question 47: “We can go to the airport by taxi this morning”, they said. A. They said they could go to the airport by taxi that morning 	B. They said they can go to the airport by taxi that moring	 C. They said we can go to the airport by taxi this morning 	D. They said we could go to the airport by taxi that morning.
Question 48: You are advised to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure. A.You should choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before you go. B. You are obliged to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure. C. You are required to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure.
D. You have to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure. 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
Question 49. She helped us a lot with our project. We couldn't continue without her. A. Unless we had her contribution, we could continue with the project. B. But for her contribution, we could have continued with the project. C. If she hadn't contributed positively, we couldn't have continued with the project.
D. Provided her contribution wouldn't come, we couldn't continue with the project.
Question 50:These international students were bored with the book on local architecture. They couldn’t finish reading it A. Not until these international students finished reading the book on local architecture did they find it boring. B. But for the boredom of the book on local architecture, these international students could finish reading it.
C. So boring was the book on local architecture that these international students couldn’t finish reading it. D. No matter how boring the book on local architecture was, these international students could finish reading it
SELF- STUDY:
Collocation & Idiom:
Put (sth) into use: thực thi để cho cái gì phát huy tác dụng bằng cách cho nĩ đi vào sử dụng 
Have (no) difficulty in sth/doing sth: (khơng) gặp khĩ khăn trong việc làm gì
Prepare for sb/sth: chuẩn bị cho ai hay cái gì 
Lend an ear to sb: lắng nghe ai đĩ 
S + believe that + Clause: Ai đĩ tin rằng
Phrasal Verb:
+ leave out: bỏ rơi, loại ra ngồi	+ put off = postpone= delay: trì hỗn
+ Put sb off: làm cho ai mất hứng	+ think of sb/st: nghĩ về ai, cái gì
+ lead sb on: thuyết phục ai tin điều gì đĩ là sai. 
Grammar:
CÂU HỎI ĐUƠI ĐẶC BIỆT: Dùng THEY trong phần CHĐ, nếu chủ từ trong phần thơng báo là: somebody/ everybody/ anybody/ nobody.
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG: Nếu chủ từ là vật, và dịch sang tiếng Việt cĩ chứa từ Bị/Được à CBĐ 
MẠO TỪ: Danh từ được nhắc lần đầu và cĩ nghĩa là một à dùng mạo từ A/AN
CÂU SO SÁNH LŨY TIẾN: SHORT ADJ-ER + AND + SHORT ADJ-ER / MORE AND MORE + LONG ADJ
DANH ĐỘNG TỪ & ĐTNM: Một số động từ sau + V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, fancyNếu mang nghĩa bị động dùng BEING + V3/V_ed
GIỚI TỪ: ON: + ngày/ buổi đặc biệt. Ex: on Sunday morning
THÌ: Cấu trúc: S + HAVE/ HAS + V3/V-ed + SINCE + S + V2/V_ed
SỰ PHỐI HỢP THÌ: MĐC ở thì tương lai à MĐ phụ ở thì HTĐ / HT hồn
RÚT GỌN MĐQH/ CÂU: Dùng V-ed/V3 hay HAVING + BEEN + V3/V-ed để rút gọn nếu MĐ mang nghĩa bị động
ĐẢO NGỮ: So + adj + to be that S + V +St/ Such + to be +N + that S + V +st: . QUÁ .. ĐẾN NỖI MÀ. Ex: So interesting is the film that I have watched it many times: Bộ phim quá thú vị đến nỗi mà tơi đã xem nĩ nhiều lần.
Word form: 	
+ compete (v) cạnh tranh	+ competition (n) cuộc thi
+ competitor (n) thí sinh	+ competitive (adj) cĩ tính cạnh tranh
Vocabulary:
opinion (n): ý kiến	- influence (n): ảnh hưởng, tác động
dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc	- decision (n): quyết định
search /sɜːrtʃ/ (v): tìm kiếm, lục sốt	- vet /vet/ (v): xem xét kĩ lưỡng 
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ (v): điều tra	- scrutinize /ˈskruːtənaɪz/ (v): nhìn chăm chú
Breathtaking = awe-inspring (adj): quá đẹp 	- Heartbreaking (ajdj) rất buồn
Unforgettable (adj) khơng thể quên được	- Self-respect = self-esteem (lịng tự trọng)
self-reliant: tự lực	- self-restraint: tự kiềm chế
self-assured: tự tin	- Graceful(adj) = elegant (duyên dáng, thanh lịch) 
attractive (a): hấp dẫn	- effortless (a): dễ dàng
sophisticated (a): phức tạp	- Well-informed (hiểu biết rộng) 
ill-informed (ít hiểu biết)	- Almost + adj: hầu hết, gần như 
Almost + V: suýt nữa thì 	- Almost of every + N số ít + V chia theo S số ít
Almost + all of the Ns + V chia theo S số nhiều 	- Most + N(chưa xác định): Phần lớn
Most/Many of + N(đã xác định): Phần lớn
migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ (n): sự di trú, sự di cư (tạm thời, chẳng hạn động vật di cư theo mùa)
onslaught /ˈɒnslɔːt/ (n): sự cơng kích, tấn cơng dữ dội
emigration /ˌem.ɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ (n): sự di cư, di dời (chuyển đến nơi khác sống vĩnh viễn, khơng quay về nữa)
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng
precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ (a): đúng, chính xác (về hình thức, thời gian, chi tiết, mơ tả)
 true /truː/ (a): đúng (xét về một sự thật hay một lời tuyên bố, thơng báo)
exact /ɪɡˈzỉkt/ (a): chuẩn xác, chính xác trong mọi chi tiết (trong con số, số lượng, thống kê, sự đo lường hay tính xác thực của một thực tế)
correct /kəˈrekt/ (a): đúng đắn, chính xác (theo một tiêu chuẩn, thực tế đúng đắn hay một khẳng định được chấp nhận rộng rãi)
loose –loosed –loosed (v): lỏng # lose – lost – lost (v): mất
Câu 26: Đáp án B
Chủ đề về GLOBAL WARMING
Almost + adj: hầu hết, gần như .( Her handwriting is almost impossible to read.)
Almost + V: suýt nữa thì ( I almost forgot your birthday.)
Almost of every + N số ít + V chia theo S số ít
Almost + all of the Ns + V chia theo S số nhiều (I like almost all of them.)
Most + N(chưa xác định)
Most/Many of + N(đã xác định). N đã xác định = determiner (the/these/those/TTSH/SHC) + N
*Ta cĩ cụm từ: Have yet to do sth = have not done sth: vẫn chưa làm gì
Tạm dịch: “Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its causes, most people have yet to realize how severe the problem is.”
(Mặc dù cĩ sự phong phú của các chiến dịch thơng tin đã nĩi với mọi người về sự nĩng lên tồn cầu và nguyên nhân của nĩ nhưng hầu hết mọi người vẫn chưa nhận ra vấn đề nghiêm trọng như thế nào.)
Câu 27: Đáp án C
Kiến thức về liên từ
Xét các đáp án:
A. although + clause: mặc dù
B. providing = provided (that)= as long as: miễn là
C. since + clause: bởi vì
D. therefore: do đĩ, do vậy; vì lí do đĩ
Tạm dịch: “Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (27) _________ they face the combined threats of warming oceans and rising sea levels.”
(Mơi trường sống ven biển và hải đảo cĩ lẽ là mối nguy hiểm lớn nhất bởi vì chúng phải đối mặt với các mối đe dọa kết hợp của việc đại dương ấm lên và mực nước biển dâng cao.)
Câu 28: Đáp án A
Kiến thức về từ vựng
Xét các đáp án:
A. migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ (n): sự di trú, sự di cư (tạm thời, chẳng hạn động vật di cư theo mùa)
B. onslaught /ˈɒnslɔːt/ (n): sự cơng kích, tấn cơng dữ dội
C. emigration /ˌem.ɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ (n): sự di cư, di dời (chuyển đến nơi khác sống vĩnh viễn, khơng quay về nữa)
D. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng
Tạm dịch: “As habitats change, many animals will come under intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (28) __________of at least some animals are certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will simply not be able to move fast enough.”
(Khi mơi trường sống thay đổi, nhiều động vật sẽ phải chịu áp lực mạnh mẽ để tìm ra những mái nhà phù hợp hơn cho chính chúng.Sự di cư hàng loạt của ít nhất một số động vật chắc chắn sẽ như được dự kiến, nhưng thực tế là nhiều động vật sẽ khơng thể di chuyển đủ nhanh.)
Câu 29: Đáp án A
S + believe that + Clause
Many scientists believe, however, that this figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is far more realistic.
Tuy nhiên, nhiều nhà khoa học tin rằng con số này thực sự rất bảo thủ và họ cho rằng việc tăng gấp ba là thực tế hơn nhiều.
Câu 30: Đáp án D
Kiến thức về từ vựng
Xét các đáp án:
A. precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ (a): đúng, chính xác (về hình thức, thời gian, chi tiết, mơ tả)
B. true /truː/ (a): đúng (xét về một sự thật hay một lời tuyên bố, thơng báo)
C. exact /ɪɡˈzỉkt/ (a): chuẩn xác, chính xác trong mọi chi tiết (trong con số, số lượng, thống kê, sự đo lường hay tính xác thực của một thực tế)
D. correct /kəˈrekt/ (a): đúng đắn, chính xác (theo một tiêu chuẩn, thực tế đúng đắn hay một khẳng định được chấp nhận rộng rãi)
* Vì chỗ trống cần điền là tính từ mang nghĩa “tính đúng đắn, chính xác theo khẳng định của các nhà khoa học đã từng nĩi” nên ta dùng “correct”.
Tạm dịch: “Many scientists believe, however, that this figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is far more realistic. If they are (30)_________, the effects on nature will be even more dramatic.”
(Tuy nhiên, nhiều nhà khoa học tin rằng con số này thực sự rất dè dặt (ước tính thấp hơn so với thực tế) và họ đã khẳng định rằng việc nĩ tăng gấp ba là thực tế hơn nhiều.Nếu những ước tính này là chính xác thì các ảnh hưởng đối với thiên nhiên sẽ cịn nghiêm trọng hơn nữa.)
Câu 31: Đáp án A
Câu nào sau đây thích hợp nhất làm tiêu đề cho đoạn văn?
A. Mĩn quà vơ giá của thời gian
B. Đời sống xã hội bừa bộn
C. Một thế giới của những người quen trực tuyến
D. Từ bạn thân đến người quen
Căn cứ vào thơng tin đoạn đầu:
His study found that hours of time spent together was linked with closer friendships, as was time spent enjoying leisure activities together.(Nghiên cứu của ơng ấy cho thấy rằng thời gian dành cho nhau cĩ liên quan đến tình bạn thân thiết hơn, như là thời gian dành để tận hưởng các hoạt động giải trí cùng nhau.)
Như vậy, đoạn văn đang nĩi về tác dụng của những khoảng thời gian bên nhau trong một tình bạn.
Câu 32: Đáp án D
Từ "he" trong đoạn 2 nĩi đến .
A. Một bạn học cùng lớp
B. bạn
C. người quen
D. Jeffrey
Từ “he” ở đây dùng để thay thế cho danh từ riêng “Jeffrey” được nhắc tới trước đĩ.
In "How many hours does it take to make a friend?" (2018), Jeffrey A. Hall describes the types of encounters that build a friendship. His study found that hours of time spent together was l