Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 11 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY 11
WORD IN ACTION
1. wet = covered with liquid
2. moist = slightly wet
3. damp = rather wet in an unpleasant way
4. humid = (of weather) having a lot of wetness in the air and usually very hot
5. soaked = thoroughly wet
6. saturated = so wet that no more water can be absorbed
7. soggy = unpleasantly filled or covered with water so that there is lack of 
 firmness
8. drenched = made wet all over
9. sodden = filled with water, heavy with wetness
10. muggy (of weather) = unpleasantly warm, not dry almost stickly
11. sultry (of weather) = airless and oppressive
NOTE: lf you are caught in a downpour without an umbrella, you become either soaked, dtenched to the skin, dripping wet or saturated. lf it is cold as well, you may be frozen to the bone or chilled to the mattow.
Exercise A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the words in the parentheses.
1. Don't sit on that bench, the paint is still.....(wet, saturated)
2. It was so hot and.....that day that we decided not to go on a picnic. (humid, soggy)
3. He looked innocent, and his eyes were huge and.....with tears. (sodden, moist)
4. lt is during the rainy season in West Africa, when it is hot and humid, and people feel sticky and tired, that we speak of.....weather. (soaked, muggy)
5. To wipe a window, we normally use a.....piece of cloth. (soggy, damp)
6. It began pouring with rain, and all the summer hikers got...... (humid, drenched)
7. It was fortunate that we had taken a pair of blankets with us, which we spread onto the.....ground before we sat down to rest our aching feet. (damp, muggy)
8. When playgrounds are provided with water, children are fond of getting...... (saturated, wet)
9. In underground places such as cellars and caves, the air is dank and...... (damp, soaked)
10. After working in the field for several hours, Joseph was.....with sweat. (muggy, drenched)
Exercise B. All the verbs in the following sentences are used with a meaning different from their original one. Replace all the verbs in heavy type with another verb or phrase to show that you understand the way they're used. 
e.g. The Queen's son was created Prince of Wales. (appointed)
1. He's a man of esteem who commands respect.
2. All the people in the village observed the traditions handed down to them by their ancestors.
3. The car gathered speed and was soon lost from sight.
4. The house will fetch at least £270,000.
5. We were overwhelmed by the hearty welcome they extended to us.
6. lt's absurd to entertain such a foolish idea.
7. fhe manager flatly refused to commit himself.
8. The medicine should be administered according to the prescription.
9. We would like to advise you that your account with us has been overdrawn since May 6th.
10. The bank refused to back their plan.
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Several nouns can be formed from phrasal verbs. Study the definitions of the following nouns and then fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow with the appropriate noun.
A stowaway is a person who htdes on a or a plane to get a free journey.
A crackdown is the taking of severe, repressive, disciplinary or corrective measures against somebody.
A showdown is an act that brings an issue (usually a serious disagreement) to a head.
A turnout is a gathering of people (attendance) or a quantity produced (output).
A turnover is the money value of sales in a business for a given period, or the number of workers who leave in that period.
A handout is printed press information, usually distributed at a press conference.
A brush-off is a clear refusal to listen to somebody or to be friendly.
An outbreak is a sudden or violent appearance or beginning of sthing bad (said of a passion or of a disease affecting large numbers of people)
A breakout is an escape usually from a prison.
A breakaway is the act of escaping from sb, a group or a bad habit.
A breakthrough is a new discovery, especially in research, knowledge, understanding, etc.
A buildup is an increase, a gradual accumulation of buildings, troops, traffic, etc.
An outcast is a person who is cast out from his home or country. One rejected and despised by society.
A lockout is the closing of a factory or other place of business by employers in order to make employees on strike come to terms with the management.
A take-over is an act of gaining control, especially of a company by buying most of its shares.
1. The head of the police promised that there would soon be a severe.....on vice and drug offenses.
2. The.....group within the old political party formed a new left wing in parliament,
3. Shortly after the summit conference of the super pgwers on nuclear disarmament, a......was distributed to journalists summarizing the main points discussed in it.
4. The..... , hidden in a life-boat on the upper deck, was discovered accidentally by a member of the crew and was handed over to the captain.
5. The workers' refusal to accept the management's proposals led to the latter's declaring a.....in the factory.
6. All middle-sized oil companies worldwide are likely candidates for.....by huge multinational companies.
7. Scientists are hovering on the brink of a major.....in the treatment of this incurable disease.
8. Mr. Jones had a.....with the manager which resulted in his resignation.
9. The massive of nuclear weapons on a universal scale threatens the very existence of mankind,
10. The value of goods and services sold abroad last year amounted to f50.000, almost doubling the company's.....
11. The.....of the Second World War was in 1939.
12. The.....from the concentration camp where captives were held occurred one winter night in 1943.
13. They always wanted to get rid of him, they didn't like him being part of their circle of friends. They treated him as an......
14. Thousands of supporters of the Conservatives attended the rally. lt was a good.....
15. He wanted to go out with her, but all he got was a.....
Exercise B. COLLOCATTONS in English are frequently used in everyday language. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word to form a collocation.
e.g. He didn't show up after all. ('after all' is a collocation).
1. Relax and take it easy for a while, and.....all don't panic.
2. We arrived at the theatre in.....time. 
3. John will be here before....
4. She knew she wasn't being listened to, but all the.....she went on speaking.
5. Things are looking up in the business for the time.....
6. People would come from.....and wide to visit the castle and its famous tower.
7. He's right to a certain.....
8. Most of the convicts have been caught, but I think there are two or three of them still large.
9. lt is not that the man was ungenerous; for......it.
10. Mary is by.....the best tennis player in the club.
11. So.....for music. Let's do some work now.
12. All schools are closed until......notice.
13. I prefer badminton to squash; it is not so tiring for one......
14. lf you can do all your shopping of one supermarket, so much the......
15. Would you like a couple of bucks? No, but thanks.....the same.
16. For....., I've done the right thing in my life.
17. Boring lecturers usually speak at......without really saying very much.
18. Whenever I send Pete on an errand, he's back in......to no time.
19. We didn't expect heavy losses in the air; after.....we had superb aircraft.
20. We go out once in a......
Exercise Three. Fill in the blank space in each of the folowing sentences with the appropriate VERBS which, along with the noun, form a verbal expression.
 Shake hands, take fright, pay a visit are verbal expressions.
1. Insanity caused him to.....fire to his own house.
2. Take this medicine; it......miracles,
3. Because he does all the top jobs in the office, he......his own trumpet.
4. She's always ready to.....a compliment.
5. My wife always.....fault with whatever I do.
6. A meeting is going to be.....at the Town Hall next Wednesday.
7. They were able to.....sail when the storm abated.
8. How strange to.....count of all the books he has read!
9. I failed to see what purpose his foolish remark would.....
10. When the tower clock began to......the hour, I knew it was time for me to go.
11. lf you don't pass the exam this time, don't.....heart; you should try again next year.
12. In the Middle Ages, it wasn't rare to see a poacher be.......to death.
13. We.....a hard bargain before we were able to reach an agreement.
14. You.....the risk of losing your money if you invest it in that company,
15. My father likes.....his own business, so he turned down a proposal to enter into a partnership
with another company.
16. I wish you would......an ear to me from time to time.
17. While attending the rally, I.....sight of an old friend of mine among the crowd.
18. l've.....no occasion to meet him recently.
19. Businessmen normally.....busy lives.
20. You, as the oldest boy here, should.....an example for the younger ones.
Exercise Four. Replace the words in BOLD with a suitable form of a verb ending either in -ATE or -FY. Make any other changes necessary. You are also given the first two letters of each verb.
e.g. The introduction of computers into the operating sysfem of the multi-national company will make the handling of information easier. (ta_)
=> make easier = tacilitate
1. He was so enraged at their effrontery that nothing could quieten him down, (pa_)
2. His health, far from improving, is becoming worse. (de_)
3. The invading army was utterly destroyed by the Allied Forces. (de_)
4. Cars lose their value as time lapses. (de_)
5. The victors attempted to instill their beliefs into the defeated, (in_)
6. The witness gave evidence that he had seen the accused enter the bank carrying a shotgun. (te_)
7. The whole consignment of canned food was shipped back to the manufacturers as being impure and likely to cause disease. (co_)
8. Stamps with holes in them are valueless irrespective of their rarity. (pe_)
9. His claim on the property of the deceased was declared null and void by the court. (nu_)
10. 'lf you keep pestering me, I'll let the police know,' said Mary to the insistent youth. (no_)
11. The two authors worked together on the book. (co_)
12. The accusation was based on falsely invented evidence. (fa_)
13. The peace treaty between the two warring countries was confirmed and formally accepted by their Parliaments respectively. (ra _)
14. When this solid substance becomes liquid, a tremendous energy force will be released. (li_)
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 Now, nearly 40 years later, the Cold War is over, but Churchill's ideals - (1)....., democracy, freedom - are just as relevant. So Westminster decided to give its galleries "on the lion of the twentieth century" a twenty-first-century (2)..... . In the museum permanent collection, multimedia (3).....trace Churchill's life, philosophy, and writing, concentrating heavily on World War II and the "Sinews of Peace" speech; a "leadership corridor" compares him with other British and American (4)..... . The rededication (5).....tonight with a talk by Churchill's daughter and granddaughter and continues over the weekend with a community luncheon, black-tie gala, and a keynote address by the TV news (6).......Chris Matthews.
 Another exhibit, (7).......to the Cold War itself, shows how true Churchill's predictions proved to be. Of course his (8).......was a long time coming. When he arrived in Richmond three days after his Westminster speech to address the Virginia General Assembly, he (9).....the controversy he had created. "You have not asked to see beforehand what I am going to say," he remarked to the legislators. "I might easily (10).....a lot of things people know in their hearts are true but are a bit shy of saying in public."
1. A. persistence
B. vigilance
C. power
D. fussiness
2. A. refresh
B. instigation
C. update
D. renew
3. A. exhibits
B. demonstrations
C. evidence
D. gadgets
4. A. governments
B. politics
C. tyrants
D. rulers
5. A. is
B. kicks off
C. ends
D. continues
6. A. celebrity
B. mogul
C. anchor
D. hot shot
7. A. geared
B. denouncing
C. commiserating
D. dedicated
8. A. vindication
B. conviction
C. prediction
D. pessimism
9. A. accepted
B. declined
C. acknowledged
D. greeted
10. A. conceal
B. blurt-out
C. lie about
D. assume
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. We had to.....to get through the low doorway.
A. bow 	B. shrug 	C. stoop 	D. kneel
2. When the company closed down because of financial difficulties, I was made..
A. frivolous 	B. surplus 	C. disabled 	D. redundant
3. Our journey through China was.....with difficulties.
A. beset 	B. surrounded 	C. assaulted 	D. devoid
4. It was teeming down with rain and we all got.....
A. dripping 	B. humid 	C. damp 	D. soaked
5. Mary, you look.....today.
A. promoted 	B. modified 	C. gorgeous 	D. avid
6. How can a loving, .....God permit disease, war and suffering?
A. omnivorous 	B. omnipotent 	C. herbivorous 	D. carnivorous
7. It was so hot and.....that day that we couldn't possibly have gone for an outing.
A. moist 	B. sultry 	C. frozen 	D. soggy
8. She didn't realize at that time how dull and.....her life had been.
A. dreary 	B. enchanting 	C. engrossed 	D. exciting
9. It's absurd to.....such a foolish idea.
A. extend 	B. entertain 	C. administer 	D. commit
10. Experts will.....IQ tests among school-goers and quote the results.
A. promote 	B. take 	C. administer 	D. complete
ANSWER KEY
Words in Action
Exercise A.
1. wet 2. humid 3. moist 4. muggy 5. damp 6. drenched
7. damp 8. wet 9. damp 10. drenched
Exercise B.
1. deserves 2. followed 3. increased in 4. bring / be worth 5. gave 6. think / consider 
7. give a definite answer 8. given 9. inform 10. support
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One.
1. crackdown 2. breakaway 3. handout 4. stowaway
5. lockout 6. take-over 7. breakthrough 8. showdown
9. buildup 10. turnover 11. outbreak 12. breakout
13. outcast 14. turnout 15. brush-off
Exercise Two.
1. above 2. good 3. long 4. same 5. being 6. far 7. extent/ degree 
8. at 9. from 10. far 11. much 12 further 13. thing 14. better 
15. just/ all 16. once 17. length 18. next 19. all 20. while
Exercise Three.
1. set 2. works 3. blows 4. pay/ accept 5. finds/ takes 6. held
7. set 8. keep 9. serve 10. strike 11. lose 12. put 13. drove
14 run 15 running 16. lend 17. caught 18. had 19. lead 20. set
Exercise Four.
1. pacify 2. deteriorating 3. decimated 4. depreciate 5. indoctrinate 6. testified 
7. contaminated 8. perforated 9. nullified 10. notify 11. cooperated 12. falsified
13. ratified 14. liquifies
Vocabulary Practice
Ex.A.: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B
Ex.B.: 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C