Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 2 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOR VOCABUALRY 2
Adjectives denoting 'physique'
WORD IN ACTION
plump
corpulent
obese
muscular
stout
hefty
husky
burly
virile
sturdy
robust
fleshy or overweight
excessively fat
medically very overweight
strong with well-developed muscles
rather fat and heavy at the same time
big and strong
strong and powerfully built
large in body, bulky and stout
exhibiting physical strength and sexual power
possessing excellent health and strength
strong, healthy with stamina
lanky
spindly
feeble
delicate
frail
gaunt
sickly
bony
skinny
decrepit
senile
very thin, tall and ungraceful
long, thin, suggesting weakness
weak, lacking in muscular power
easily injured or easily made ill
delicate, usually in poor health
thin, extremely weak, as though from lack of food
often ill
very thin, as though the bones show through the skin
very thin weak and in bad condition from old age
(connected with old age)
showing the weakness of the body and especially of the mind
Exercise A. Complete the table with the noun derived from the corresponding adjective
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
corpulent
obese
virile
decrepit
stout
frail
senile
muscular
Exercise B. Make three lists of adjectives that come under the headings of:
STRONG
FAT
WEAK
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Choose one word or phrase (A, or B) that is CLOSEST in meaning to the word(s) in BOLD type.
1. An ex-convict is a person
2. A sane individual is
3. A naked person
4. An enemy that capitulates
5. People who abide by the law
6. An unscrupulous man
7. A graceful woman
8. A friend sticking to his 
 promise
9. A blunt person
10. A convent is another word 
 for
A. about to be punished
A. healthy in mind
A. has his clothes on
A. surrenders
A. observe it
A. is guided by conscience
A. is attractive in 
 movement
A. keeps them
A. is invoriobly polite
A. monastery for women
B. who has already 
 undergone punishment
B. mad
B. hasn't got his clothes on
B. fights to the bitter end
B. disregard it
B. is not guided by 
 conscience
B. is unattraoctive in 
 movement
B. breaks them
B. doesn't take the trouble 
 to be polite
B. school
Exercise Two. What are the NOUNS derived from the adjectives listed below?
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
chivalrous
treacherous
poor
prosperous
royal
sane
notorious
loyal
fit
persistent
noble
cruel
Exercise Three. Complete the sentences, using the words defined below.
A. compulsive - very difficult to stop or control
 compulsory - something that must be done either by rules, laws, etc
 - A vision test is......when you are applying for a driver's license.
B. plump - slightly fat
 plumber - sb. who fixes or installs water pipes, radiators, showers, etc.
 - Although Sharon is a bit......she still seems fit and healthy.
C. stout - rather fat and heavy
 stately - impressive and dignified
 - Who do you suppose lives in that.....mansion?
D. in high spirits - cheerful and happy
 in low spirits - rather depressed
 - Jason was......for weeks after crashing his car.
E. capitulate - surrender on stated conditions; come to terms with the enemy 
 and surrender
 recapitulate - go through the main points
 - Can you please ......that for me; I'm not sure I understood.
F. vow - swear solemnly that one will do something
 avow - admit or declare openly
 - Will you......to stop smoking if I stop eating chocolate?
G. curtail - cut down / back on; reduce
 entail - make something necessary; involve
 - Don't agree to take on the job until you are sure what it......
Exercise Four Cross out the words in lists A and B which are NOT synonymous with the words in CAPITAL letters.
A. CHIVALROUS
B. TREACHEROUS
- corpulent
- gallant
- courteous
- courageous
- blunt
- robust
- honorable
- doublefaced
- false
- disloyal
- faithful
- trustworthy
- dependable
- deceitful
- underhand
- reliable
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
 Greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere 30 times faster than the time when the Earth experienced a (1)......episode of global warming. A study comparing the rate at which carbon dioxide and methane are being (2).....now, compared to 55 million years ago when global warming also occurred, has found dramatic differences in the speed of release.
 James Zachos, professor of earth sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said the speed of the present build-up of greenhouse gases is far greater than during the global warming after the (3).......of the dinosaurs. "The emissions that caused this past episode of global warming probably lasted 10,000 years," Professor Zachos told the American Association for the Advancement of Science at a meeting in St. Louis. "By burning fossil fuels, we are likely to emit the same amount over the next three centuries." He warned that studies of global warming events in the geological past (4).....". the Earth's climate passes a (5)......beyond which climate change accelerates with the help of positive feedbacks - vicious circles of warming.
 Professor Zachos is a leading (6)......on the episode of global warming known as the palaeocene-eocene thermal maximum, when average global temperitures increased by up to 50C due to a massive release of carbon dioxide and methane. His research into the deep ocean (7)......suggests at this time that about 4.5 billion tons of carbon entered the atmosphere over 10,000 years. "This will be the same amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from cars and industrial emissions over the next 300 years if present (8)......continue," he said. Although carbon can be released suddenly and naturally into the atmosphere from volcanic activity, it takes many thousands of years for it to be removed permanently by natural processes. The ocean is capable of removing carbon, and quickly, but this natural (9)......an be easily (10)......which is probably what happened 55 million years ago. "It will take tens of thousands of years before atmospheric carbon dioxide comes down to pre-industrial levels," the professor said. "Even after humans stop burning fossil fuels, the effects will be long-lasting."
1. A. prearranged
B. premier
C. previous
D. fundamental
2. A. emitted
B. exhaled
C. incorporated
D. digested
3. A. dementia
B. demolition
C. detachment
D. demise
4. A. comment
B. mark
C. compliment
D. indicate
5. A. barricade
B. verge
C. threshold
D. perimeter
6. A. autocrat
B. authority
C. administrator
D. proprietor
7. A. dusts
B. sediments
C. dirt
D. powder
8. A. trends
B. gadgets
C. fads
D. crazes
9. A. capacity
B. competence
C. intelligence
D. bulk
10. A. overcharged
B. overstated
C. overshadowed
D. overwhelmed
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. ......is a real health hazard.
A. Stupidity 	B. Sturdiness 	C. Animostty 	D. obesity
2. The old lady was becoming increasingly affected by........
A. senility 	B. masculinity 	C. virility 	D. chivalry
3. His......excuses invariably exasperated the manager'
A. feeble 	B. frail 	C. robust 	D. wealthy
4. I don't......to be a genius but I am not stupid either.
A. permit 	B. agree 	C. compare 	D. claim
5. Smoking can be to......your health.
A. delightful 	B. harmless 	C. detrimental 	D. indifferent
6. People......their spending power when prices rise.
A. increase 	B. curtail 	C. prolong 	D. think
7. He became an outlaw by......the law.
A. defying 	B. observing 	C. stickng to 	D. abiding by
8 ......is a punishable offense.
A. Hunting 	B. Poaching 	C. Jogging 	D. Boxing
9. Bach Mai was a beautiful, .......young lady.
A. corpulent 	B. gaunt 	C. slender 	D. bony
10. Don't trust him; he's cruel, ......and unscrupulous.
A. loving 	B. slack 	C. treacherous 	D. trustworthy
ANSWER KEY
Word In Action
Exercise A. corpulence – obesity – virility – decrepitude – stoutness – frailty – senility – muscle
Exercise B
STRONG (burly-hefty-virile-muscular-husky-robust)
FAT (obese-corpulent-plump-stout)
WEAK (feeble-frail-delicate-spindly-gaunt)
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One
1. who has already undergone punishment 2. healthy in mind
3. hasn’t got his clothes on 4. surrenders 5. observe it
6. is not guided by conscience 7. is attractive in movement
8. keeps them 9. doesn’t take the trouble to be polite
10. monastery for women
Exercise Two. 
chivalry - treachery – poverty – prosperity – royalty – sanity –
notoriety – loyalty– fitness – persistence – nobility – cruelty
Exercise Three
A. compulsory B. plump C. stately D. in low spirits 
E. recapitulate F. vow G. entails
Exercise Four
A. CHIVALROUS (gallant – courteous – courageous - honorable)
B. TREACHEROUS (false – disloyal – deceitful - underhand)
Vocabulary Practice
Ex.A.: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. D
Ex.A.: 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C