Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 3 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY
WORD IN ACTION “PREVENT”
prevent: stop someone from doing something or something
hinder: make more difficult for someone to do something or for something to 
 happen
	e.g. - A snowstorm may prevent a train from running. 
 (the train does not run at all)
	or - A snowstorm moy hinder the train from arriving on time.
 (the train has actually run and arrived at its destination)
 - You can equally prevent the enemy from invading your country, or
 hinder the march of on enemy, though you may not have enough force to 
 oppose it.
obstruct: stop someone or something from moving forward by blocking their 
 path
	e.g. - The road is obstructed by fallen trees.
inhibit: make someone unable to express themselves freely
	e.g. - Her presence inhibited me from saying what I wanted to.
stem: stop the flow or spread of something (usually liquid)
	e.g. - Pat pressure on the wound so as to stem the flow of blood.
	 - They believed they had a duty to stem the advance of the new sect.
prohibit: forbid someone from doing something (usually by law or regulation)
	e.g. - Smoking is strictly prohibited.
hamper: to make movement difficult
	e.g. The long tight dress hampered her movements.
Exercise A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list above. You may use the same word more than once.
1. The advance of the rescue team was seriously......by the snowstorm.
2. This country has a law......young people from marrying before they come of age.
3. The terrible head-on collision of the trucks......traffic on the motorway for several hours.
4. His lisp......him from speaking freely.
5. Her tight skirt......her free movement.
6. The chief of police stressed the importance of.......the inflow of illegal drugs into the city.
7. Business expansion is often......by bureaucracy.
8. To.......the course of justice by withholding information is a serious penal offense.
9. The doctor tried to......the hemorrhage.
10. His presence......me from saying what I wanted to.
11. Her long illness......her progress at school.
Exercise B. Complete the table below with the correct form of the words that are missing. 
VERB
ADJECTIVE
NOUN
prevent
hinder
...
...
...
...
...
obstructive
inhibiting
prohibitive
...
...
...
...
...
 You can use this on-line dictionary  
[Ctrl + Click the mouse]
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Choose the one word or phrase (A, or B) that is CLOSEST in meaning to the word(s) in BOLD type.
1. A fotolly injured driver
2. To convey an idea is
3. A boulder is a
4. The lnfantry is soldiers 
 fighting.
5. A peniteniiory is a
6. A harsh punishment is
7. When you restrain your anger,...
8. What is irksome is
9. When somebody is taken 
 captive, they are taken
10. When somebody drifts from 
 one job to another, they
A. succumbs to his injuries
A. to prohibit it
A. large rock
A. on horseback
A. mental institution
A. severe
A. you keep it under control
A. annoying
A. care of
A. stay put in the job
B. pulls through
B. to make it known
B. small rock
B. on foot
B. prison
B. mild
B. you increase it
B. exciting
B. prisoner
B. often change jobs
Exercise Two. In this exercise, you have to combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one by omitting 'this'.
 Each new sentence should include the noun derived from the word in BOLD type.
e.g. I see you are unable to do the job. This can't be overlooked.
 - Your inability to do the job can't be overlooked.
1. The lady was obese. This hampered her movements.
2. They scrutinised the proposition. This led to their avoiding unnecessory expenditure.
3. His lisp impedes his speech. This made it difficult for me to understand him.
4. The judge is impartial. This is known to everybody.
5. They disclosed their intentions. This made us shudder.
6. His knowledge was profound. This astonished everyone present.
7. He is ingenious. This can't be denied.
8. He departed unexpecledly. This took me by surprise.
9. He committed himself to helping us. This was a great relief.
10. The people were utterly destitute. This oroused our sympathy.
Exercise Three. Complete the sentences, using the words defined below.
A. flavour (n) - distinctive taste; special quality or characteristic
 savour (v) - enjoy the taste or smell of something
 - You couldn't possibly your food when you eat so fast!
B. inhibit - make somebody unable or unwilling to express his/her feelings
 prohibit - forbid by law or regulation
 - His doctor him from drinking alcohol.
C. implicit - suggested rather than plainly stated
 explicit - clearly and fully expressed
 - She didn't give instructions, so she shouldn't be angry with you for doing it 
 wrong.
D. superficial - not thorough or profound
 superfluous - more than needed or wanted
 - It is to judge people by the clothes they wear.
E. pathetic - causing one to feel sympathy
 apathetic - showing a lack of interest in matters
 - Gregory has been since he lost his job; he doesn't seem to want to do 
 anything.
F. apprehend - (legal) arrest, seize
 comprehend - understand fully
 - I cannot what caused her to act that way.
G. statute - written law
 stature - a person's body height
 - Although Jane is small in she has a commanding personality.
H. induce - persuade or influence
 deduce - reach a conclusion by reasoning
 - Nothing could him to move to the city.
Exercise Four. Each word in heavy type is wrong and requires replacement.
Choose words from the list below, and put them in the blanks.
popular - humane - illicit - prone - stationery
inferred - ingenious - accessory - urban – descent
1. I implied from what he said that he was in favor of my proposal.
2. It should be the duty of all of us to work for a more human and civilized society.
3. People with fair skin are drone to skin cancer.
4. The man in the courthouse was on trial for elicit smuggling of drugs.
5. The police held the firm belief that the suspect was an access to the crime.
6. He wrote a populous book and rose to fame.
7. The dissent of the mountain proved difficult.
8. We usually buy stationary in bulk for office use.
9. He's a versatile and ingenuous man.
10. Nowadays more and more people move to urbane areas.
1. .................... 2. .................... 3. ..................... 4. ..................... 5. ....................
6. .................... 7. .................... 8. ..................... 9. ...................... 10. .................
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 A solution to (11).....desires and expectations perhaps lies in the recognition that wealth does not involve having many things. lt involves having what we long for. Wealth is not an absolute. lt is relative to desire. Every time we seek something we cannot afford, we grow poorer, whatever our resources. And every time we feel satisfied with what we have, we can be (12)......as rich, however little we may actually own. There are two ways to make people richer: to give them more money or to (13)......their desires. Modern societies have succeeded spectacularly at the first option but, by continuously inflaming
appetites, they have at the same time helped to negate a share of their most impressive achievements.
 The most effective way to feel wealthy may not be to try to make more money. lt can be to (14)......ourselves - practically and emotionally - from anyone we both consider to be our equal and who has become richer than us. Rather than trying to become bigger fish, we should concentrate our energies on (15)......around us smaller companions next to whom our own size will not (16).....us. ln so far as advanced societies provide us with historically elevated incomes, they appear to make us richer. But, in truth, the net effect of these societies may be to (17).....us because, by fostering unlimited expectations, they keep open a permanent gap between what we want and what we can afford, who we are and who we might be, The (18)......we have paid for expecting to be so much more than our ancestors is the permanent feeling that we are far from
being all we might be. We should be careful what we read in the papers and what programmes we watch. No matter what the media (19).....at us, we must remain realistic in our goals and expectations and not allow ourselves to be (20)......into a life of materialism.
1. A. coiling
B. curving
C. spiralling
D. revolving
2. A. counted
B. added
C. thought
D. accounted
3. A. refer
B. reassure
C. recline
D. restrain
4. A. dispute
B. vary
C. single
D. distance
5. A. gathering
B. heaping
C. loading
D. distributing
6. A. brood
B. fret
C. trouble
D. console
7. A. redeem
B. impoverish
C. enrich
D. augment
8. A. fee
B. price
C. fund
D. charge
9. A. sends
B. delivers
C. exploits
D. throws
10. A. liberated
B. quarantined
C. brainwashed
D. investigated
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D.
1. Many poets have......the beauties of the countryside.
A. extolled 	B. feared 	C. excited 	D. inhibited
2. Hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginnrng to......
A. reduce 	B. faint 	C. dim 	D. fade
3. The team's coach insisted on a program of.....training before the big game.
A. rigorous 	B. slack 	C. severe 	D. positive
4. Prices at Greek hotels are still affordable, but in Switzerland they are......
A. moderate 	B. inaccessible 	C. reasonable 	D. exorbitant
5. The crash......the motorway for several hours.
A. prevented 	B. hindered 	C. obstructed 	D. inhibited
6. After his wife's death, he......drinking.
A. got to 	B. came to 	C. held to 	D. took to
7. The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a.......disease.
A. contagious 	B. contiguous 	C. contingent 	D. congenial
8. The young man felt......in the presence of so many young ladies.
A. inhospitable 	B. hindered 	C. inhibited 	D. prohibited
9. lt was obvious that the child suffered from a serious speech......
A. handicap 	B. impediment 	C. inhibition 	D. hindrance
10. His heavy boots......him at work.
A. hampered 	B. stemmed 	C. repelled 	D. compelled
ANSWER KEY
Words In Action
Exercise A.
1. hindered/ hampered 2. prohibiting 3. obstructed 4. prevented 5. hampered 
6 stemming 7. hindered 8. obstruct 9. stem 10. inhibited 11. hindered
Exercise B.
VERB (obstruct – inhibit - prohibit)
ADJECTIVE (preventive/preventative - hindering)
NOUN (prevention – hindrance – obstruction – inhibition - prohibition)
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One:
1. succumbs to his injuries 2. to make it known 3. large rock 4. on foot 5. prison 
6. severe 7. you keep it under control 8. annoying 9. prisoner 10. often change jobs
Exercise Two:
1. The lady’s obesity hampered her movements.
2. Their scrutiny of the proposition led to their/them avoiding unnecessary expenditure.
3. His speech impediment made it difficult for me to understand him.
4 The judge’s impartiality is known to everybody.
5. The disclosure of their intentions made us shudder.
6. The profundity of his knowledge astonished all people present.
7. His ingenuity can’t be denied.
8. His unexpected departure took me by surprise.
9. His commitment to helping us was a great relief.
10. The people’s utter destitution aroused our sympathy.
Exercise Three:
A. savour B. prohibited C. explicit D. superficial
E. apathetic F. comprehend G. stature H. induce
Exercise Four.
1. inferred 2. humane 3. prone 4. illicit 5. accessory 6. popular 
7. descent 8. stationery 9. ingenious 10. urban
Vocabulary Practice. 
Ex.A.: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C
Ex.B.: 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A