Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 4 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY 4
WORD IN ACTION "ABOLISH"
1. abolish = do away with, put an end to a system or practice by law
 - The death penalty has still not been abolished in some states.
Note: The law abolishes or you abolish something by law, but you can't abolish the law.
2. repeal = put an end to a law
 - Income tax legislation will never be repealed.
3. annul declare officially that something is invalid and no longer exists
 - The contract has been annulled.
4. revoke take back something granted so that it is no longer legal or official
 - His driving license (diploma, order) was revoked.
5. recall send somebody back or order somebody to return especially if they have been working abroad
 - The Greek Ambassador to Mozambique was recalled some time ago. 
Note: We RECALL a messenger, an ambassador, but we REVOKE an order.
6. eradicate make something disappear completely by destroying it
 - The problem of absenteeism will never be totally eradicated from schools.
 - Many dreadful diseases have been eradicated.
7. exterminate destroy somebody or something completely by killing them
 - The local tribes were exterminated by the invading army.
Note: Individuals are said to be banished, expelled, destroyed. Races of people, animals or insects can be exterminated.
8. annihilate destroy a place or a group of people by using weapons, bombs, etc.
 - Man is in possession of such sophisticated weaponry that he could annihilate the entire human race.
9. decimate destroy a large part of a whole (but not the whole lot, as in exterminate or annihilate)
 - Disease and malnutrition had decimated the local population.
Exercise A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list above.
1. The government decided to......all anti-discrimination laws.
2. The government......its ambassador when war was declared.
3. Many tropical diseases have still not been successfully......
4. Slavery was......in England in the 19th century.
5. Drink driving may be the cause for having your driving license......
6. His job was......to rats and mice.
7. The city had been virtually......by the enemy air-raids.
8. Black Death......Europe's population in the Middle Ages.
9. They are no longer legally married. Their marriage was......three days after the ceremony.
Exercise B. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 Human life is influenced......(1) by climate, What man eats and wears, how he lives and earns his (2)......, all depend to some extent on climate. ln hot, humid central Africa, food is (3)......but the climate drains man's energies. ln extremely cold northern Alaska, where food cannot be cultivated, people depend upon hunting and fishing (4)......survive. A drastic change in climate has sometimes contributed (5)......the migration of large groups of people, who then introduce their way of life into other regions.
1. A. reasonably 	B. especiolly 	C. considerably 	D. highly
2. A. livelihood 	B. liveliness 	C. livestock 	D. live
3. A. abound 	B. abundance 	C. abandoned 	D. abundant
4. A. in order to 	B. so as 	C. so that 	D. for to
5. A. in 	B. to 	C. at 	D. for
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Choose the one word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the words in BOLD type.
1. Another synonym for beseech is
2. A person going about in the nude
3. A mere detail is
4. A derogatory remark
5. When a marriage is nullified it is 
 declared
6. An invalid is a
7. A lawsuit is a
8. To banish somebody is to......him
9. An accurate and succinct account is
10. A divine beauty is
11. An era is a......period of time
A. solicit
A. has his clothes on
A. an unimportant one
A. shows respect
A. valid
A. cripple
A. new suit of clothes
A. praise
A. brief
A. ordinary
A. long
B. elicit
B. has no clothes on
B. an important one
B. shows no respect
B. invalid
B. healthy person
B. court case
B. exile
B. lenglhy
B. extraordinary
B. short
Exercise Two. Complete the sentences, using the words defined below.
A. cute - delightfully pretty and often small
 acute - sharp; penetrating
 - Although their vision is poor, bats have a(n)......sense of hearing.
B. fierce - violent; very great or strong
 pierce - make a hole through something with a pointed item
 - The battle for the castle was......
C. congenital - (of a disease) existing from birth
 congenial - pleasant in agreement with one's taste
 - Jack and Mary had a......conversation about their holiday plans.
D. contagious - (of disease) spreading by contact
 contiguous - touching or neighbouring
 - Washing your hands frequently is the best way to avoid catching......illnesses.
E. snag - any sort of difficulty or obstacle
 snug - cozy, warm and comfortable
 - The elderly couple lived in a small, ......cottage outside the village.
F. obscene - morally disgusting; offensive
 obscure - not clearly seen or understood; unknown
 - The museum houses famous paintings by Picasso and Monet as well as works 
 by more......artists.
Exercise Three. Rewrite the following sentences to express the same meaning by changing the adjective in BOLD to an adverb. Make whatever changes are necessary.
e.g. The doctor gave him a thorough examination. He was thoroughly examined by the doctor.
1. This is a frequent occurrence.
2. His intelligence was remarkable.
3. She has my full support.
4. Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the station?
5. lt is not possible for me to sleep in a filthy place like this.
6. Despite his serious injury, he managed to get home
7. The formality of his behaviour was absurd.
8. She showed an uncommon interest in the new device
9. There has been a considerable rise in prices lately.
10. He is bad at maths.
Exercise Four. Fill each of the blanks with one suitable wor/phrase from the list below.
there's no - might as - meeting you - action is taken - went to
him being - alone - would be on - really want - can (either)
1. 'Why don't you trade in your old car for a new one?'
 'I can't afford a new suit of clothes, let.......a new car.
2. 'The first time we met was shortly after Christmas 2009.'
 'I'm sorry, but I can't remember before.'
3. Inflation will never be brought under control unless immediate......by the 
 government.
4. I have to go to Boston tomorrow, but I don't......
5. 'What's become of Joseph?' 'Well, l've had some bad news of......fired by the 
 company.'
6. That's the restaurant we......during our holiday.
7. I can't help you and I don't think anyone else......
8. I regret leaving my last job. I......a really good salary if l'd stayed.
9. 'Would you like to go home now?' ~ 'I......well, since my work's done.'
10. 'Inflation grows of our income more and more every day.' 'Exactly, ......denying the fact.'
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 The Navajo are a peaceful and pastoral people, living by, with and off their flocks of sheep and goats. Though the arid character of their country - good for grazing only - forces them to (1)......a nomadic life, most of the families have one main home, generally in a well-watered valley, where they raise corn, beans, melons, oats, alfalfa etc. The Navajo women weave the renown Navajo blankets, (2).......for their durability, beauty and variety of design, and careful execution, whilst a number of men are clever silversmiths, making silver necklaces, belts, bracelets, wristlets, rings and buttons of rare beauty, out of Mexican silver dollars. They have always been self-sufficient. They have little of the sullen, reticent disposition (3)......to lndians generally, and are cheerful, friendly, hospitable and industrious. Their government is democratic; there is no chief over the whole tribe, and their local chiefs are men of temporary and ill-defined authority, whose power (4).......largely upon their personal influence, their eloquence and their reputation for wisdom and justice. The tribe is divided into about 58 clans or gentes, grouped under several original or nuclear clans. Marriages with Mexicans, Utes, Apaches, but especially with the neighbouring Pueblo Indians who were captured or enslaved and eventually adopted into the tribe, are responsible for a number of clans. As a (5)......there is nothing like a pronounced or a prevailing Navajo type. Every variety of form and figure can be found among them. Marriage occurs early in life and polygamy and divorce are prevalent.
 The elaborate system of pagan worship, expressed in chants, sacrifices, sand painting, dances, ceremonies, some of which last nine days, make the Navajo (6).......very religious. Though they have no conception of one supreme being, their anthropomorphous deities are numerous and strikingly democratic. The ideas of heaven and hell being unknown to them, they believe in a hereafter (7).......of a life of happiness with the people of the lower worlds. They are (8)......believers in their faith system. Diseases are thought to be caused by evil beings, by malign influences of enemies, and by various occult agencies. Their remedies are largely magical and constitute an integral part of their religion. Their superstitions, ceremonies and customs are diligently kept alive by an extraordinarily large number of medicine men who (9)......a powerful influence among them. Though missionaries have lived among the Navajo since the early 1600s, few Navajo have been (10).......to Christianity.
1. A. hold
B. lead
C. serve
D. escort
2. A. notorious
B. famous
C. conspicuous
D. obscure
3. A. attributed
B. contributed
C. donated
D. blamed
4. A. reckons
B. determines
C. trusts
D. depends
5. A. connection
B. sequel
C. consequence
D. condition
6. A. assume
B. arise
C. appear
D. apply
7. A. containing
B. incorporating
C. blending
D. consisting
8. A. flimsy
B. firm
C. drastic
D. obstinate
9. A. wield
B. hang
C. fetch
D. process
10. A. converted
B. exchanged
C. confessed
D. modified
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. Children under the age of 16 are not......to enter the competition.
A.eligible 	B. enabled 	C. legible 	D. promised
2. fhe driver's attention was......by a child running across the road.
A. deterred 	B.disturbed 	C. distracted 	D. destroyed
3. He's told us so many lies that we no longer place any......on what he says.
A. conviction 	B. reliance 	C. prediction 	D. reputation
4. His driving license has been......on the grounds of drink driving.
A. repealed 	B. revoked 	C. nullified 	D. recalled
5. The Conservatives declared their intention of......the whole Act once they came into power.
A. repulsing 	B. repelling 	C. impelling 	D. repealing
6. The problem of petty crime has largely been......
A. annihilaied 	B. exterminated 	C. eradicated 	D. decimated
7. Bacteria can't......be seen by the......eye. You have to use a microscope.
A. nude 	B. naked 	C. bare 	D. mere
8. Mary is a(n)......liar. She was even arrested for lying to a police officer.
A. physical 	B. congenital 	C. naive 	D. abnormal
9. Fortunately, everything went off without a......
A. hope 	B. solution 	C. alternative 	D. hitch
10. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that's his......
A. prerogative 	B. derogatory 	C. abdication 	D. humanity
ANSWER KEY
Words in Action.
Exercise A.
1. repeal 2. recalled 3. eradicated 4. abolished 5. revoked
6. exterminate 7. annihilated 8. decimated 9. annulled
Exercise B.
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One.
1. solicit 2. has no clothes on 3. an unimportant one 4. shows no respect 
5. invalid 6. cripple 7. court case 8. exile 9. brief 10 extraordinary 11. long
Exercise Two.
A. acute B. fierce C. congenial D. contagious E. snug F. obscure
Exercise Three.
1. This occurs frequently. 
2. He was remarkably intelligent.
3. I fully support her. 
4. Would you kindly show me the way to the station? 
5. I can’t possibly sleep in a filthy place like this.
6. Despite his being seriously injured, he managed to get home.
7. His behaviour was absurdly formal.
8. She was uncommonly interested in the new device.
9. Prices have risen considerably lately. 
10. He does badly at maths.
Exercise Four.
1. alone 2 meeting you 3 action is taken 4 really want 5. him being 
6. went to 7. can (either) 8. would be on 9. might as 10. there’s no
Vocabulary Practice.
Ex.A.: 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A
Ex.B.: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A
 The Navajo Nation (Naabeehó Bináhásdzo) is a semi-autonomous Native American territory covering 27,425 square miles (71,000 km2), occupying portions of northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico in the United States. This is the largest land area retained by a U.S. tribe, with a total population of 173,667.
 The original territory has been expanded several times since the 1800s. In 2016 under the Tribal Nations Buy-Back Program, some 149,524 acres of land were returned by the Department of Interior to the Navajo Nation for tribal communal use. The program is intended to help restore the land bases of reservations.
The Navajo Nation has an elected government that includes an executive office, a legislative house, and a judicial system, but the United States federal government continues to assert plenary power over all decisions. The executive system manages a large law enforcement and social services apparatus, health services, Diné College, and other local educational trusts.
 The population continues to disproportionately struggle with health problems, unemployment, and the effects of past uranium mining accidents.