Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 6 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY 6
WORD IN ACTION
Exercise A. Match Column 1 with Column 2 (Synonyms) and Column 3 (Opposites)
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
1. alluring
2. deteriorate
3. cheeky
4. fetid
5. detrimental
6. rattled
7. abhorrent
8. slovenly
9. discursive
10. whimsical
.....harmful; noxious
.....digressive; deviating
.....despicable; loathsome
.....attractive; tempting
.....slipshod; slatternly
.....fickle; capricious
.....stinking; offensive
.....insolent; rude; blunt
.....impair; degenerate
.....confused, embarrassed
.....cool; collected
.....tidy; neat
.....repellent; repugnant
.....aromatic; fragrant
.....steadfast; stable
.....beneficial; salutary
.....affable; civil
.....lovable; amiable
.....coherent; connected
.....improve; ameliorate
Exercise B. Fill in the btanks with the correct word, A, B, C, or D.
1. His behaviour is horrible; even his family.....him.
A. adore 	B. abhor 	C. admire 	D. allure
2. I can't bear.....in a child. Her cheek will not go unpunished.
A. decency 	B. obedience 	C. respect 	D. audacity
3. Firemen must be.....in the face of danger.
A. alluring 	B. bald 	C. darling 	D. daring
4. A.....breath is often an indication of dental cavities.
A. fragrant 	B. aromatic 	C. defensive 	D. fetid
5. He studied.....; hence he passed his test hands down.
A. relatively 	B. slovenly 	C. diligently 	D. lazily
6. lt's not enough to swelter in this.....weather; we've got smog to boot.
A. chilly 	B. sultry 	C. discursive 	D. pensive
7. Never be.....and ask a woman how old she is.
A. affable 	B. false 	C. acute 	D. indiscreet
8. Her condition seems to be..... . We'll have to take her to intensive care.
A. ameliorating 	B. deteriorating C. amputating 	D. imitating
9. The girl playfully ran away, but before she disappeared round the corner, she turned and gave us a.....smile.
A. valuable 	B. musical 	C. despicable 	D. whimsical
10. The lawyer's aggressive questioning seemed to.....the witness on the stand.
A. rattle 	B. battle 	C. stable 	D. ladle
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Rewrite the following sentences to express the same meaning by replacing the word in BOLD with an ADJECTIVE derived from it.
Make whatever other changes are necessary.
 e.g. Peter behaves like a child.
 => Peter behaves in a childish way.
1. With eyes filled with tears, she begged him to forgive her.
 ...........................................................
2. In all likelihood, he will come.
 ...........................................................
3. He shows no respect for his elders.
 ...........................................................
4. He feels nothing but contempt for thieves and liars.
 ...........................................................
5. They melted the iron and poured it into speciol molds.
 ...........................................................
6. They couldn't explain his behaviour.
 ...........................................................
7. There is no possibility of his possing the exam.
 ...........................................................
8. Both machines and people often fail.
 ...........................................................
Exercise Two. Fill in the blank with appropriate PREPOSITION.
1. 'Did the manager promise you a raise?' ~ 'Yes, he committed himself......it some time ago.'
2. 'Is he really as incompetent as they say?' ~ 'Yes, it is his incompetence that has prevented him.....being promoted.'
3. 'Sweden is said to have plenty of raw materials.' ~ 'lt abounds.....them.'
4. 'John's car was badly damaged in the accident.' ~ 'Exactly, he may as well write it.....'
5. 'Did you protest about the assistant's rude behaviour?' ~ 'Of course, I couldn't pass the matter.....without protesting.'
6. 'Why does he go for brunettes?' ~ 'They appeal.....him, I think.'
7. 'Did Pete join the Navy as he said he would?' 'No, he decided.....a career in the Army, I think.'
8. 'Did he say 'yes' to their demand?' ~ 'To accede.....such a demand would establish a dangerous precedent.'
Exercise Three. Underline the correct word in each parenthesis.
1. Missionaries usually try to (convert - pervert) pagans to Christianity.
2. It's my (convention - conviction) that he is a fraud.
3. Mr. Jones is our baseball (coach - couch).
4. Unfortunotely, he (reverted - retorted) to drinking again.
5. I don't like people who are (cross - gross) with me.
6. Contagious diseases are not easy to (localise - locate).
7. When I broke the news to her, she began to (wipe - weep).
8. Eskimos used to travel on (ledges - sledges).
9. The bloodthirsty (mop - mob) wanted revenge.
10. The police have (inclusive - conclusive) evidence as to who committed the murder.
Exercise Four. Fill in the blank with appropriate PREPOSITION.
1. 'Do you like your new English teacher?' 'Yes, I think I have a crush.....him.'
2. 'Did you take on the new job, eventually?' 'I did, but it calls.....a lot of work.'
3. 'Do you think Gary is the sort of man to be entrusled with so much money?'
'Oh yes. He's a man.....impeccable honesty.'
4. 'He's in complete disagreement with you, isn't he?' ~ 'Yes, it'll be some time before I bring him.....to my point of view.'
5. 'What about that clever scheme of yours? Did you pull il off?' 'No, it fell.....like all the others.'
6. 'What a vicious-looking dog the Browns have got!' ~ 'Yes, it come me all of a sudden when I passed their house the other day.'
7. 'It's rumoured that he is a billionaire!' ~ 'He's not so rich as people make him.....to be.'
8. 'Can I sleep on this sofa?' 'lt is not meant.....sleeping on, you know.'
9. 'What time did you get home last night?' ~ 'At three in the morning. The party didn'l break before two.'
10. 'I have a complaint to make.' ~ 'The manager is not availoble at the moment, madam, but I could look the matter if you like.'
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 Slavery was not the only (1)....of life in New Orleans that would have been unfamiliar to men like Captain Amos Stoddard, a New Englander who became one of the (2)......of the new lands. Stoddard might have been (3).....by the odd cultural mix that New Orleana represented, and which is still (4).....in some forms, to this day. After the Spanish ceded Louisiana to the French, much of the Spanish population in New Orleans departed for Cuba. As they left and French immigrants came in from Francophone (5).......ike San Domingue, New Orleans took on a Gallic tinge. At the same time, traces of Spanish occupation remained strong, with luxurious homes in the city built in Spanish style, around courtyards and with stucco walls. As a f urther (6)......of the territory's past
governments, the Louisiana State Legislature met in the former palace of the Spanish governors, until it burned down in 1827.ln what might (7)......readers today as a particularly chilling reminder of the city's previous masters, two pillories stood on Chartres Street. The Spanish authorities had locked prisoners in those stocks and sometimes publicly humiliated and abused them.
 Thomas Jefferson, the American President, in purchasing Louisiana and bringing about the (8)......of control that occurred on December 20, opened a new (9)......in American history and closed the old one, of which he had been a principal author. Only a few years before, he had rejecied Alexander Hamilton's proposal for a national bank by (10)......that the Constitution didn't empower the U.S. government to create such an institution. By 1803 he seems to have changed his feelings about the problem of "implied powers" - or at least been excited enough about the possible uses of 828,000 square miles of property to set aside any legal qualms.
1. A. aspect
B. position
C. view
D. look
2. A. slave traders
B. numbers
C, governors
D. many
3. A. interested
B. frightened
C. perplexed
D. humoured
4. A. refrains
B. retains
C. relinquishes
D. replaces
5. A. continents
B. industries
C. colonies
D. pasts
6. A. examination
B. reference
C. plunder
D. reminder
7. A. present
B. strike
C. inspire
D. instill
8. A. hand-over
B. transaction
C. ownership
D. transfer
9. A. chapter
B. book
C. piece
D. paragraph
10. A. registering
B. arguing
C. bickering
D. demanding
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. It's my.....that he's a fraud.
A. conviction 	B. choice 	C. indignation 	D. mistrust
2. He......hard to make a success of his life.
A. saved 	B. plunged 	C. strove 	D. throve
3. He took no......of what I said.
A. advice 	B. revenge 	C. warning 	D. notice
4. Could you possibly.....me at the next committee meeting?
A. stand in for 	B. make up for 	C. go back on 	D. keep in with
5. Tax.....deprives the nation or several million dollars a year.
A. retention 	B. evasion 	C. invasion 	D. desertion
6. The minister let it be known that he would sue for.....
A. praise 	B. diligence 	C. deface 	D. defamation
7. Her derisive remark......the crowd.
A. engulfed 	B. engrossed 	C. enlivened 	D. enraged
8. She was so infuriated that she found it difficult to.....her temper.
A. contain 	B. abstain 	C. retain 	D. detain
9. The theory he put forward concerning the origin of species was highly.....
A. disgraced 	B. discredited 	C. debased 	D. dishonored
10. Hostile rivalry often involves defaming one's......
A. friends 	B. relatives 	C. colleagues 	D. opponents
ANSWER KEY
Words in Action
Exercise A.
Column 1 	Column 2	Column 3
1 alluring 	5 harmful; noxious 	6 cool; collected
2 deteriorate 	9 digressive; deviating 	8 tidy; neat
3 cheeky 	7 despicable; loathsome 	1 repellent; repugnant
4 fetid 	1 attractive; tempting 	4 aromatic; fragrant
5 detrimental 	8 slipshod; slatternly 	10 steadfast; stable
6 rattled 	10 fickle; capricious 	5 beneficial; salutary
7 abhorrent 	4 stinking; offensive 	3 affable; civil
8 slovenly 	3 insolent; rude; blunt 	7 lovable; amiable
9 discursive 	2 impair; degenerate 	9 coherent; connected
10 whimsical 	6 confused; embarrassed 	2 improve; ameliorate
Exercise B.
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. D 5.. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One.
1. With tearful eyes she begged him to forgive her. 2. He’s likely to come.
3 He’s disrespectful of his elders. 4. He’s contemptuous of thieves and liars.
5. The molten iron was poured into special moulds. 6. His behaviour was inexplicable.
7. It’s not possible for him to pass the exam. 8. Both machines and people are often fallible.
Exercise Two.
1. to 2. from 3. with / in 4. off 5. by / over 6. to 7. on 8. to
Exercise Three. 
1. convert 2. conviction 3. coach 4. reverted 5. cross 6. localise 7. weep 8. sledges 9. mob 10. conclusive
Exercise Four.
1.. on 2 for 3. of 4. round 5. Through 6. at 7. out 8. for 9. up 10. into
Vocabulary Practice
Ex.A.: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B
Ex.B.: 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D
REFERENCE
 Amos Stoddard (October 26, 1762 – May 11, 1813) was a career United States Army officer who served in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, in which he was mortally wounded.
 In 1804, Stoddard was the Commandant of the military district of Upper Louisiana, after the Louisiana Purchase.
 Stoddard was born in Woodbury, Connecticut, to Anthony and Phebe (Reed) Stoddard. He saw combat as a young man in the American Revolutionary War, and afterwards represented Hallowell, Maine, in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In June 1798, he was commissioned as a captain of artillery in the US Army.
 Circa 1800 Stoddard commanded Fort Sumner in his home town of Portland, Maine.
In 1800 Spain ceded Louisiana back to France in the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. Three years later, Napoleon promptly sold it to the United States to obtain money to continue his campaigns in Europe. Nevertheless, Spain had continued to govern the territory and refused to give Lewis and Clark permission to explore it. This forced Lewis and Clark to spend the winter of 1803-04 at Camp Dubois, in what is now Illinois.
 On November 30, 1803, in New Orleans, Spain formally turned the territory over to France, which governed it for only 20 days before surrendering it to the United States on December 20, 1803.
 During the Three Flags Day ceremony on March 9–10, 1804, in Saint Louis, Stoddard represented both the United States and France. Stoddard noted about the residents:
 Nothing ever restrains them from amusement which usually commences early in the evening, and is seldom suspended till late the next morning.
 Stoddard held the position as a military commander until October 1, 1804, when the territory came under William Henry Harrison, in a transitional civil jurisdiction as part of the Indiana Territory. He was promoted to the rank of major in June 1807.
 He was a member of Kennebec Lodge #5 A. F. and A. M in Hallowell, Maine, and delivered the oration at the first anniversary of the chartering of the lodge on St. John's Day 1797.
Service at Fort Meigs
In the winter of 1812-13, after war had begun with Great Britain, Major Stoddard accompanied Governor Harrison to the Maumee rapids in Ohio, where they built Fort Meigs. Stoddard commanded the fort's artillery.
 From May 1 to May 9 of 1813, Fort Meigs was attacked by a large British and Indian force from Canada under Major General Henry Procter. Early on, Stoddard was wounded in the leg by shrapnel. He survived long enough to see the British retreat, but on May 11 he died from tetanus.
 According to a diary kept by Captain Daniel Cushing, Major Stoddard was buried in front of the Grand Battery at Fort Meigs. A stone monument inside the fort honors his memory today. Stoddard County, Missouri, was named for him. [From Wikipedia]