Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 8 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY 8
WORD IN ACTION
 All of the following verbs denote a sense of giving up. Study their definitions carefully then use the words to fill in the blanks in the sentences on the next page. In some sentences, more than one verb may be appropriate.
1. abandon = leave or withdraw completely and forever, give up or bring to an end
e.g. He abandoned his wrecked car on the freeway.
2. forsake = (forsook-forsaken) desert; leave forever; giveup completely
e.g. He forsook his fortune to devote himself to the church.
(a man may abandon his home or forsake his friends)
3. abdicate = give up officially (an official position, esp. that of king or queen) [thoái vị] 
4. resign = give up (a job or position) [từ nhiệm]
e.g. A monarch abdicates while an employee resigns.
5. stop = doing something and leave
e.g. He quit his job and went abroad. (quit is used informally)
6. give up = or give in to power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat
e.g. After days of fighting, the enemy ftnally surrendered.
7. cede = give (usually land or a right) to another country or person, esp. after losing a war [nhượng (địa)]
e.g. The Louisiana colony wos ceded to Spain in 1762.
8. desert (esp. of military service) = leave without authority or permission (đào nhiệm]) e.g. A soldier who deserts from the army is severely punished.
9. relinquish = give up (power, position, a claim, etc.) = [bỏ cuộc, rút bỏ (đơn, yêu sách...)]
e.g. One con relinquish a claim, hope or privilege, etc.
10. discard (of something useless or unwanted) = throw away or put aside
e.g. Don't discard your train ticket before you reach your destination.
11. evacuate = take all the people away from (a place); move (a person) away from a place in order to protect them from danger [di-tản]
e.g. The defeated army was forced to evacuate the conquered territory.
12. renounce = give up (a claim); say formally that one does not own or has no more connection with [chối bỏ]
e.g. He renounced his religion and became a Christian.
13. yield = give up control of (surrender) to superior forces [nhượng bộ]
e.g. A politician may yield to public pressure and an army may yield their position to the enemy.
Exercise A. Fill in the blanks with the suitabte verb.
1. It would be most unwise to.....the map which shows the route before we reach our destination.
2. The inconsiderate husband took to drinking and soon......his wife and child.
3. The cowardly soldier was court-marshaled for.....his post.
4. As a result of the earthquake, the panic-stricken people.....their homes leaving all their belongings behind.
5. The president was most unwilling to......his privileges.
6. When the man went bankrupt, all his friends......him.
7. On the one hand, I'm not satisfied with my job, on the other hand, I can't...... . It won't be easy to find another one.
8. Shortly after the revolution had broken out, the king found himself obliged to.....
9. The enemies were forced to.....when they were overwhelmed by our superior forces.
10. Mr. Rankine decided to.....when he was passed over in favour of young Brown.
11. The besieged people vowed to die in battle rather than......their national territory to the invading army.
12. Mr. Smith is a very indulgent father. He always......to his son's wishes.
13. The early Christians, who didn't......their faith in Christianity, usually formed a part of the spectacle in the Colosseum.
14. When you wash the lettuce, you should......the outside leaves first.
15. Governments don't usually......to pressure from the opposition, but from the public.
Exercise B. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B, C, or D to fit the gaps.
 The impact of the Great Depression on Europe was as memorable and decisive in its way as the French Revolution or the First World War. The (1).....of the Depression can be precisely dated.
 American stock markets had prospered almost uninterruptedly since 1921 and had grown fantastically for eighteen months. On 24th,October 1929, the (2).....halted; share prices fell even faster than they had risen, and thousands of _(3) were ruined. The American financial crash soon hit Europe.
 American loans to Europe had already stopped; now American purchases from Europe stopped also. The European economy was (4).....balanced. Recovery had brought a great increase in productive powers, with little corresponding increase in markets. (5).....had also been maintained by the flood of American dollars. Now European factories, too, closed their gates. Within two years, world trade was more than halved. Unemployment soared, particularly in the more industrialised countries. There were over two million unemployed in Great Britain and six million in Germany.
1. A. onset 	B. outset 	C. offset 	D. onslaught
2. A. boom 	B. boon 	C. bonus 	D. boor
3. A. odventurers 	B. hawkers 	C. executives 	D. speculators
4. A. coutiously 	B. precoutionory 	C. precoriously 	D. precociously
5. A. Destitution 	B. Prosperily 	C. Dereliction 	D. Expenditure
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. The words in the box form the opposites of the words in BOLD type in the sentences that follow. Try to fit the appropriate antonym in each blank.
 e.g. Offspring are one's children as opposed to one's parents.
obsolete - haughty - extrovert - ameliorate - inhale - sanity - assets
obscure - indolent - acquittal - abundance – prodigal - ancestor
1. A descendant is a person that is descended from an individual that lived a long time ago as opposed to an.....
2. To exhale is to breathe out air as opposed to.....
3. To deteriorote is to become worse as opposed to.....
4. A modern teaching method is usually new and involves the latest developments as opposed to.....
5. Liabilities are the sums of money owed or debts that must be paid from one company to another as opposed to.....
6. A well-known writer is known far and wide as opposed to.....
7. Madness is an illness of the mind that causes a person to behave in an abnormal way as opposed to.....
8. An affable person is polite and pleasant to others as opposed to......
9. An economical person spends his money carefully, sensibly, and without waste as opposed to.....
10. An introvert keeps to himself; he is withdrawn rather than spending time with others as opposed to a(n).....
11. Conviction is the decision of a court of law that finds somebody guilty as opposed to.....
12. A diligent student is habitually and constantly hardworking as opposed to.....
13. Scarcity denotes a state of not being plentiful so that something is not easy to find as opposed to.....
Exercise Two. Rewrite the following sentences by removing the ADVERB in BOLD type and substituting it with the ADJECTIVE derived from the adverb. Make any other changes you think necessary.
e.g. How can I possibly sleep in a tiny place like this?
 => How is it possible for me to sleep in a tiny place like this?
1. What he said sounded utterly nonsensical.
2. They were abjectly poor.
3. He was absurdly demanding.
4. 'Can I fly directly from Rome to Toronto?' he inquired.
5. That's what his father actually said.
6. It's generally assumed that money brings happiness.
7. We were heartily welcomed by the villagers.
8. The English avidly read newspapers and magazines.
9. People think highly of him.
Exercise Three. Choose the answer (A or B) is closets inmeaning to the word or phrase in BOLD type.
1. In my opinion, he is not versatile as regards teaching.
2. I'm afraid I'm at odds with my boss.
3. He was so persuasive that I caved in to his argument.
4. My son invariably turns a deaf ear to my advice.
5. I'm never of ease before an interview.
6. He has the edge on you.
7. Let's wind up the evening with a drink.
8. His lecture was long-winded.
9. The speaker held his audience spell-bound.
10. He's down in the dumps again!
A. with reference to	
A. in agreement
A. defended
A. follows
A. I'm always ill at ease
A. he's worse than
A. start
A. lengthy and tedious
A. by forceagic
A. he works down in the pits
B. irrespective of	
B. in disagreement
B. gave in to
B. pays no heed
B. I always stand of ease
B. he's better than
B. finish
B. brief and to the point
B. with their attention held as if by magic
B. he feels depressed and miserable
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B C or D to fit the gap.
 The mystique surrounding Henry Ford makes it difficult to (1)......his true motivations, but the wage increases benefited the company in many ways. ln addition to motivating his workers, Ford was, by giving his employees more (2).....income (or any at all), also creating a consumer base for his product. He later claimed that with the 55 day "we really started our business, for on that day we first created a lot of customers."
But he was also (3)......by the Progressive and populist movements and may truly have been animated by (4)....... . "Our company is making enough money to do some good in the world," he said, "and I'm glad to do it."
 Still, his generosity, it soon emerged, came with strings. What few noticed on January 5 was that workers did not automatically (5)......for the raise just by doing their jobs, Women, who had been earning on average 52.04 per day, did not qualify at all. "l consider women only a (6)......factor in industry," Ford explained. "l pay our women well so they can dress attractively and get married." Men would have to live in Detroit and work at the plant for six months before they could (7)......the full amount.
 Even then they had to meet Ford's social standards to (8)...... . He shared the worry of many of the wealthy that laborers would (9)......their enlarged paychecks on vice and cheap thrills. Lee explained that the money might "work a tremendous handicap along the paths of rectitude and right living and would make them a (10).......to society, and so it was established at [the] start that no man was to receive the money who could not use it advisedly and conservatively.
1. A. engage
B. pinpoint
C. underestimate
D. favour
2. A. predisposal
B. imposing
C. possible
D. disposable
3. A. influenced
B. touched
C. lead
D. mislead
4. A. ferocity
B. greed
C. generosity
D. malice
5. A. get
B. meet
C. quantify
D. qualify
6. A. strong
B. temporary
C. false
D. unnecessary
7. A. earn
B. deserve
C. score
D. demand
8. A. benefit
B. help
C. advance
D. promote
9. A. invest
B. save
C. squander
D. double
10. A. convenience
B. presence
C. foray
D. menace
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D.
1. The shop assistant said he would check to see if he had any more copies of the book in.....
A. surplus 	B. stock 	C. supply 	D. store house
2. Such relaxed days were few and far.....in her hectic life.
A. between 	B. beyond 	C. past 	D. over
3. I was so.....in the book I was reading that I didn't hear the phone.
A. engrossed 	B. gripped 	C. submerged 	D. distracted
4. The dealer wanted S40 and I was only willing to pay f30, but we finally agreed to the difference
A. drop 	B. decrease 	C. split 	D. divide
5. Far from being plump, she is extremely......
A. lean 	B. overweight 	C. thick set 	D. obese
6. The cowboy had been.....by the lndians.
A. slapped 	B sculptured 	C. skull 	D. scalped	
7. The president didn't..... , he was evicted from office.
A. abandon 	B. resign 	C. renounce 	D. abdicate
8. To what extent is your plan.....?
A. palpable 	B. feasible 	C. pliable 	D. absurd
9. The Queen appeared reluctant to.....her long established privileges.
A. surrender 	B. relinquish 	C. discard 	D. quit
10. ln the event of a nuclear accident, huge areas will have to be.....
A. ceded 	B. yielded 	C. evacuated 	D. renounced
ANSWER KEY
Words in Action
Exercise A.
1. discard 2. forsook/abandoned 3 deserting 4.. abandoned 5. relinquish 
6. forsook/abandoned 7. quit / resign 8. abdicate 
9. surrender 10. resign 11. yield/relinquish/cede
12. yields 13. renounce 14. discard 15. yield
Exercise B.
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One.
1. ancestor 2. inhale 3. ameliorate 4. obsolete 5. Assets 6. obscure 
7. sanity 8. haughty 9. Prodigal 10. extrovert 11. acquittal 
12. indolent 13. abundance
Exercise Two.
1. What he said sounded like utter nonsense.
2. They lived in abject poverty. 
3. His demands were absurd.
4. ‘Is there a direct flight from Rome to Toronto?’ he inquired.
5. Those are the actual words of his father.
6. It’s a general assumption that money brings happiness.
7. We were given a hearty welcome by the villagers
8. The English are avid readers of newspapers and magazines.
9. People have a high opinion of him./People hold him in high esteem.
Exercise Three.
1. with reference to 2. in disagreement 3. gave in to 4. pays no heed 
5. I’m always ill at ease 6. he’s better than 7. finish 8. lengthy and tedious 
9. with their attention held as if by magic 10. he feels depressed and miserable
Vocabulary Practice.
Ex. A.: 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D
Ex. B.: 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C
 ABDICATE EVACUATE