Enriching Your Vocabulary English 10 - Lesson 9 (Có đáp án)

ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY 9
WORD IN ACTION
1. appreciate = undenstand and enjoy the good qualities or value of. You can appreciate beauty, or one's services.
2. calculate = find out something by using numbers. You can calculate cost, speed, expenses, etc.
3. estimate = judge or calculate the value, size or amount of something, etc.
e.g. An expert estimates the value of a diamond or makes or submits on estimate of its value.
4. esteem = respect and admire greatly. When you esteem somebody you hold him in high/great esteem.
e.g. The old teacher was much loved ond esteerned.
5. deem = consider, think or regard
e.g. You can make ony changes to the plan you deem necessory.
6. evaluate = calculate or judge the value or importance of something after studying its good and bad points
e.g. lt's too eorly to evaluate the success of our new product.
7. appraise = make an official evaluation of something. Set a price or value on, especially by authority of law.
e.g. In appraising, on official valuer fixed the price for Helen's necklace.
8. assess = determine the amount or value of property for taxation or other purposes.
e.g. The revenue official assessed her house ot £350,000.
Exercise. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the words in the parentheses.
1. The number of votes cast in each region will be.....at the end of the day. (evaluated, deemed)
2. We all.....a peaceful holiday after a year of hard work. (estimate, appreciate)
3. Dr. David is held in high.....for his valuable scientific research into cancer. (appraise, esteem)
4. He.....that it would take him two months and a lot of money to renovate the derelict old house. (calculated, appreciated)
5. Do you.....this business venture to be feasible and lucrative? (deem, evaluate)
6. By behaving so meanly he has lowered himself in my...... (appraise, esteem)
7. Before buying the estate you intend to, why don't you call a surveyor to.....the property? (evaluate, calculate)
8. I.....that we would reach our destination before sunset but things didn't bear me out. (evaluated, estimated)
9. I hope when the builders how much it will cost to build a ga(age on my house, it won't be too expensive. (esteem, estimate)
10. The insurance expert the amount of damage caused to my car at S500. (assessed, appreciated)
11. It will take sociologists some time to.....the structural changes recently introduced in this country. (deem, evaluate)
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Exercise One. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the word(s) in BOLD type. Make whatever changes are necessary.
e.g. They made Peter empty his pockets. 
 [ Peter was made to empty his pockets.
1. How difficult it is for a young teacher to earn his living.
2. They presented a medal to each of the lifeboatmen.
3. He couldn't possibly have found any other occupation to suit his needs so well.
4. The trade unions were blamed for all the trouble.
5. It might have been a pleasant outing if we had set out earlier.
6. It is specifically this kind of task from which we are exempted.
7. They found that 30% of the population was suffering from malnutrition.
8. A man's real influence is exerted only afler his death.
9. People in Asia are at present in the middle of an influenza epidemic.
10. Continued research on modern science may lead to a fearful destruction of the environment.
11. You must deal with this problem at greater length.
12. It is more difficult to answer his question than yours.
Exercise Two. Choose the best word or phrase, A or B that is closest in meaning to word(s) in BOLD type.
1. Three of lhem bit the dust during the shoot out.
A. got dusty
B. were killed
2. What he said put me in a spot.
A. in a difficult position
B. in A dilemma
3. He'll blow his top if he finds out what you've done.
A. be angry
B. be sad
4. He came within an ace of being run over.
A. he had a narrow escape
B. he holds all the aces
5. Most of ihe visitors here are predominantly of north European stock.
A. mentality
B. ancestry
6. I have to sweat my guts out to make a living.
A. work very hard
B. loiter about
7. 'Is he a good teacher?' 'Not by a long shot.'
A. not at all
B. so so
8. lt's no use talking to me about metaphysics. It's a closed book to me.
A. It is forbidden
B. I don't know anything about it
9. He's round the bend.
A. reasonable
B. insane
10. I'm on edge about this new play I'm putting on.
A. tense and nervous
B. busy and worried
Exercise Three. In each of the following sentences, replace the words in BOLD type with a single word from the list below with the same meaning.
e.g. I judged from the state of the sky that a thunderstorm was coming shortly. (imminent).
carcass - avarice - extortion - incapacitated - pageantry - impunity - replica
impartiality - decapitation - mob - piety - perjury - amenities - alimony – armistice
1. Obtaining money by using threats ond violence is an offense punishable by law.
2. The dead body of the deer was torn to pieces by the jackals. [linh cẩu]
3. The judge is known for his unbiased and fair judgment. .....
4. You can't disregard the law with freedom from punishment. .....
5. He missed the agreeoble features and facilities.....of the city.
6. England is rich in old traditions and customs preserved among the common people. .....
7. She lives on lhe allowance by order of court.....from her former husband.
8. He was charged with giving false testimony to a court while under oath. .....
9. The model was a reproduction in exact detail.....of his own yacht.
10. Greed for amassing riches.....is a vice.
11. The uncontrolled and disorderly crowd of people.....committed outrages.
12. In many people's opinion, an agreement made during a war that would stop hostilities for a limited period of time.....would be an act of high treason.
13. He was unable to work.....after the accident.
14. He was punished by having his head cut off. .....
15. They were men of true and deep respect for God. .....
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
 The Depression didn't end until the production (1).......of World War II, but Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs (2).....to help. One, the Securities and Exchange Commission, was created in 1934 to shift the job of (3).....securities trade from the states to the federal government. Today brokers and dealers must (4).....with the SEC, to prevent price manipulation, and there are strict (5) for the minimum down payments to buy stocks. Of course although we haven't since experienced a depression on the (6)......of the one in the 1930s, the SEC hasn't rendered the stock market crash extinct. On October 19,1987, the Dow suffered its largest one-day (7).....since 1914, and on April 14, 2000, it fell 617.78 points, the largest-ever single-day point loss.
 "I used to be quite an (8)......," the economist John Kenneth Galbraith once said. "I thought that by keeping the memory of the 1929 crash alive we would have a (9).......against the kind of feckless, fatuous optimism which caused people to get in and shove up the markets...and get (10).......by the illusion of ever-increasing wealth. I've given up on that hope because we've had it happen too often again since."
1. A. purge
B. end
C. demise
D. surge
2. A. asked
B. aimed
C. suspected
D. failed
3. A. ruling
B. freeing
C. regulating
D. demanding
4. A. join
B. announce
C. ally
D. register
5. A. requirements
B. wishes
C. laws
D. expectations
6. A. range
B. climb
C. scale
D. ascend
7. A. increase
B. collapse
C. ferocity
D. fall
8. A. optimist
B. egocentric
C. illusionist
D. pessimist
9. A. knowledge
B. warning
C. radar
D. speculation
10. A. carried away
B. enthusiastic
C. swept
D. obscured
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. The police.....the district for the thief.
A. scoured 	B. brushed 	C. ran 	D. penetrated
2. At the.....moment, he backed out.
A. insignificant 	B. meaningful 	C. crucial 	D. trifling
3. Her house was.....at a high value.
A. considered 	B. deemed 	C. assessed 	D. appreciated
4. What a(n).....appearance he's got!
A. huge 	B. enormous 	C. weird 	D. benevolent
5. Don't be.....to your elders.
A. affable 	B. consistent 	C. impertinent 	D. respectable
6. He's one of the best doctors in town and held in high
A. esteem 	B. estimation 	C. value 	D. appraisal
7. You may make any changes to the original plan you.....necessary.
A. evaluate 	B. recommend 	C. esteem 	D. deem
8. I've got something of great importance to.....to you.
A. impair 	B. compare 	C. impart 	D. deport
9 Too many trees round a house.....it of air and light.
A. deprive 	B. deprave 	C. deride 	D. derive
10 The bloodthirsty.....wanted to avenge their leader's death.
A. mop 	B. mob 	C. clog 	D. flog
ANSWER KEY
Words in Action
Exercise.
1. evaluated 2. appreciate 3. esteem 4. calculated 5. evaluate 6. esteem 
7. evaluate 8. estimated 9. estimate 10. assessed 11. evaluate
Vocabulary Development
Exercise One.
1. To earn a living is difficult for a young teacher.
2. Each of the lifeboatmen was presented with a medal.
3. No other occupation could he possibly have found that would have suited his needs so well.
4. All the trouble was blamed on (was put down to) the trade unions.
5. Had we set out earlier it might have been a pleasant outing.
6. This kind of task is what we are specifically exempt from.
7. 30% of the population was found to be suffering from malnutrition.
8. Only after man’s death is his real influence exerted.
 (or) Only after death is (a) man’s real influence exerted.
9. An influenza epidemic is endemic/ prevalent / widespread in Asia at present. 
 (or) An influenza epidemic is sweeping through Asia at present.
10. A fearful destruction of the environment may result from (the) continued research on modern science
11. This problem must be dealt with at greater length.
12. Yours is an easier/less difficult question to answer than his.
Exercise Two.
1. were killed 2. in a difficult position 3. be angry 
4. he had a narrow escape 5. ancestry 6. work very hard 
7. not at all 8. I don’t know anything about it 9. insane 10. tense and nervous
Exercise Three.
1. extortion 2. carcass 3. impartiality 4. impunity 5. amenities 6. pageantry
7. alimony 8. perjury 9. replica 10. avarice 11. mob 12 armistice 13 incapacitated
14 decapitation 15. piety
Vocabulary Practice
Ex.A.: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A
Ex.B.: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
John Kenneth Galbraith, the economist 
SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)
DOW
 Notes,
1. The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public works projects, and financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. These programs included support for farmers, the unemployed, youth, and the elderly, as well as new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and changes to the monetary system. Most programs were enacted at different stages between 1933-38, though some later. They included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders, most during the first term of the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the "3 Rs", Relief, Recovery, and Reform: relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
2. John Kenneth "Ken" Galbraith, OC (October 15, 1908 – April 29, 2006) was a Canadian-born economist, public official, and diplomat, and a leading proponent of 20th-century American liberalism. His books on economic topics were bestsellers from the 1950s through the 2000s, during which time Galbraith fulfilled the role of public intellectual. As an economist, he leaned toward Post-Keynesian economics from an institutionalist perspective.
 Galbraith was a long-time Harvard faculty member and stayed with Harvard University for half a century as a professor of economics. He was a prolific author and wrote four dozen books, including several novels, and published more than a thousand articles and essays on various subjects. Among his works was a trilogy on economics, American Capitalism (1952), The Affluent Society (1958), and The New Industrial State (1967).
 Galbraith was active in Democratic Party politics, serving in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. He served as United States Ambassador to India under the Kennedy administration. His political activism, literary output and outspokenness brought him wide fame during his lifetime. Galbraith was one of the few to receive both the Medal of Freedom (1946) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2000) for his public service and contributions to science. The government of France made him a Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.
3. SEC. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is an independent agency of the United States federal government. The SEC holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws, proposing securities rules, and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other activities and organizations, including the electronic securities markets in the United States.
4. DOW (Dow Jones Index) The Dow Jones Industrial Average /ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz/, also called DJIA, the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow Jones Industrial, DJI, the Dow 30 or simply the Dow, is a stock market index, and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow. The industrial average was first calculated on May 26, 1896. Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices, which is majority owned by S&P Global, it is the most notable of the Dow Averages, of which the first (non-industrial) was originally published on February 16, 1885. The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones. It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.[3] It is the second-oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average, which was also created by Dow. The Industrial portion of the name is largely historical, as many of the modern 30 components have little or nothing to do with traditional heavy industry. The average is price-weighted, and to compensate for the effects of stock splits and other adjustments, it is currently a scaled average. [From Wikipedia]