Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 - Phần 1
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ÔN TẬP THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10- PART 1 GRAMMAR POINT 1 : COMPLEX SENTENCE (CÂU PHỨC) - A complex sentence (1 câu phức) bao gồm 1 mệnh đề chính (independent clause) và 1 hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (dependent clause) (nhưng thường là 1 mệnh đề phụ). Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bởi dấu phẩy hoặc các liên từ phụ thuộc. - Mệnh đề chính tức là mệnh đề không phụ thuộc có nghĩa là dù nó có tách ra làm 1 câu đơn thì nó vẫn có nghĩa. - Mệnh đề phụ là mệnh đề bắt buộc phải đi kèm với mệnh đề chính thì mới có nghĩa, khi tách ra làm 1 câu đơn thì không có nghĩa. + When I came, they were watching TV. (Khi tôi đến, họ đang xem tivi.) MĐP MĐC + We'll go out if the rain stops.(Chúng tôi sẽ ra ngoài nếu trời tạnh mưa.) MĐC MĐC * Một số liên từ phụ thuộc: Ta dùng các liên từ phụ thuộc để tạo nên câu phức trong tiếng Anh. Mệnh đề đi cùng với liên từ phụ thuộc sẽ là mệnh đề phụ thuộc, có tác dụng làm rõ nghĩa, bổ sung thêm thông tin cho mệnh đề chính. 1. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu với liên từ so that hoặc in order that. Nó chỉ mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề chính. Ex: The artisan moulded the clay so that he could make a mask. (Nghệ nhân đã tạo khuôn đất sét để làm ra mặt nạ.) 2. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do bắt đầu với liên từ because, since hoặc as, trả lời cho câu hỏi why. Ex: Since it was raining, they cancelled the trip to Trang An. (Bởi vì trời đang mưa nên họ hoãn chuyến đi đến Tràng An.) 3. Mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu với liên từ when, while, before, after, as soon as, whenever etc. nói về khi những hành động được miêu tả trong mệnh đề chính được đặt thời gian. Ex: When I have free time, I usually go to the museum. (Khi tôi có thời gian rảnh, tôi thường đến viện bảo tàng.) Task 1 1. They keep changing the decoration of the shop _____ they can attract more young people. A. so that B. because C. although D. when 2. _____ there are modern knitting machines, the artisans in my village like using traditional looms. A. Because B. Although C. In spite of D. So 3. Sinh paintings are special _______ they are burned after worship. A. since B. while B. before D. so that 4. I couldn’t sleep last night ____ the bar nearby played music so loudly A. although B. so that C. while D. because 5. I am going to the cinema with my friends this weekend ______ we can see the latest 6D Ocean Explore film. A. in order that B. in order to C. as soon as D. until 6. Three villages were chosen for the pilot project ______ the Asia Foundation had worked with local authorities. A. until B. while C. after D. when 7. _______ Viet Nam began integrating into the international economy a few decades ago, production in craft villages developed strongly, meeting demand for domestic decoration, and construction. A. Whenever B. While C. When D. Before 8. Local people in Thanh Ha pottery village near Hoi An continue following their craft _______ there isn't enough support for maintaining the old traditions and skills. A. because B. although C. as soon as D. so that 9. Nam didn’t know _____ to find more information about the course. A. what B. why C. where D. while 10. Minh was so tired _______he will be absent for school tomorrow. A. before B. when C. so D. because Put the words into the blanks if so that because after who when 11. ____ they keep cutting down trees, the city will lose its beauty. 12. At the age of over 80, the artisan is instructing the craft to his grandchildren, ______ they will preserve this ancient craft. 13. Ngoc is stressful _______ she’s sitting an important exam tomorrow. 14. _____ the workers had taken several steps to whiten the palm leaves, they sew together the leaves and the rings. 15. Lan couldn’t decide _____ to work with on the project. COMPLEX SENTENCE Question 1. A Question 6. C Question 11. If Question 2. B Question 7. C Question 12. so that Question 3. A Question 8. B Question 13. because Question 4. D Question 9. C Question 14. After Question 5. A Question 10. C Question 15. who Task 2. Make a complex sentence from each pair of sentences. Use the subordinator provided and make any necessary changes. 1. The villagers are trying to learn English. They can communicate with foreign customers. (in order that) 2. We ate lunch. Then we went to Non Nuoc marble village to buy some souvenirs. (after) 3. This hand-embroidered picture was expensive. We bought it. (even though) 4. This department store is an attraction in my city. The products are of good quality. (because) 5. This is called a Chuong conical hat. It was made in Chuong village. (since) Lời giải chi tiết: 1. The villagers are trying to learn English in order that they can communicate with foreign customers. (Người dân trong làng đang cố gắng học tiếng Anh để họ có thể giao tiếp với khách hàng nước ngoài.) 2. After we had eaten lunch, we went to Non Nuoc marble village to buy some souvenirs. (Sau khi ăn trưa, chúng tôi đến làng đá cẩm thạch Non Nước để mua một số đồ lưu niệm.) 3. Even though this hand-embroidered picture was expensive, we bought it. (Mặc dù bức tranh thêu tay này đắt tiền nhưng chúng tôi đã mua nó.) 4. This department store is an attraction in my city because the products are of good quality. (Cửa hàng bách hóa này là một điểm thu hút trong thành phố tôi bởi vì các sản phẩm có chất lượng tốt.) 5. This is called a Chuong conical hat since it was made in Chuong village. (Đây được gọi là nón Chuông vì được làm ở làng Chuông.) Task 3. Make a complete sentence from each pair of sentences. 1.There are modern knitting machines. The artisans in my village like using traditional looms. (although) → Although there are modern knitting machines, the artisans in my village like using traditional looms. 2.Many children like to go to Bat Trang Ceramic village. They can make their own pottery there. (as) → Many children like to go to Bat Trang Ceramic village as they can make their own pottery there. 3.We have to follow more than ten stages. We can make a simple conical hat. (so that) → We have to follow more than ten stages so that we can make a simple conical hat. 4.Sinh paintings are special. They are burned after worship. (since) → Sinh paintings are special since they are burned after worship. 5.We'll have to phone you first. Then we'll organise the trip. (before) → We'll have to phone you first before we organise the trip. 6.We were visiting an old building. They were going to a traditional market. (while) → We were visiting an old building while they were going to a traditional market. GRAMMAR POINT 2 : PHRASAL VERBS 1.get up : get out of bed _______________________________ 2.find out: get information _______________________________ 3.bring out : publish / launch _______________________________ 4. look through : read _______________________________ 5. keep up with : stay equal with _______________________________ 6. look forward to : be thinking with pleasure about something to come 7. run out of : have no more of _______________________________ 8. set up = start something (a business, an organisation, etc.): thiết lập, bắt đầu một cái gì đó, (kinh doanh , tổ chức...) 9. take over = take control of something (a business, an organisation, etc.): kiểm soát , tiếp quản Task 1. Match the phrasal verbs in A with their meaning in B. A B 1. pass down : lưu truyền a. stop doing business 2. live on : sống bằng b. have a friendly relationship with somebody 3. deal with : đương đầu c. transfer from one generation to the next 4. close down : đóng , ngưng lại d. reject or refuse something 5. face up to : đối mặt e. return 6. get on with : sống hòa thuận với f. take action to solve a problem 7. come back : trở về g. have enough money to live 8. turn down : từ chối h. accept, deal with Lời giải chi tiết: 1. c: pass down = transfer from one generation to the next (lưu truyền - chuyển từ thế hệ này sang kế tiếp) 2. g: live on = have enough money to live (có tiền mua những thứ cần - có đủ tiền để sống) 3. f: deal with = take action to solve a problem (giải quyết - hành động để giải quyết vấn đề) 4. a: close down = stop doing business (đóng lại - dừng việc kinh doanh) 5. h: face up to = accept, deal with (đối diện với - chấp nhận, giải quyết) 6. b: get on with = have a friendly relationship with somebody (ăn ý/ sống hòa thuận với ai - có mối quan hệ thân thiện với ai đó) 7. e: come back = return (trở lại - trở về) 8. d: turn down = reject or refuse something (từ chối - từ chối thứ gì đó) Task 2. 1. Some years ago, my uncle and aunt ________ the business from my grandparents because they are very old. A. looked after B. took care C. set up D. took over 2. Have you ever _____ to Ho Tay Village in Hue? It’s the place where people make the famous Bai tho conical hats. A. go B. went C. gone D. been 3. This company has gone bankrupt. Do you know who will ______ ? A. take care of it B. look after it C. take it over D. turn it up 4. The people in my village cannot earn enough money for their daily life. They can’t _____ this traditional craft. They have to find other jobs. A. help out B. live on C. work on D. set up 5. The crew have been living ______ space for over three months. A. in B. at C. on D. for 6. You can look _____ a word in a dictionary if you don’t know what it means. A. into B. for C. up D. over’ 7. Do you think that the various crafts remind people _____ a specific region? A. about B. of C. for D. in 8. Conical hat making in the village has been passed _____ from generation to generation. A. on B. down C. up D. in 9. I have been trying to _________ smoking but I simply can’t do it. A. give up B. get on C. give out D. put down 10. Everyone says that I look like my father. A. look after B. look up C. take after D. take up Fill in the gap with one suitable phrasal verb. get on look for switch on try on turn off 12. “Please __________________ the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work”. 13 Quickly! __________________the bus. It’s ready to leave. 14. I don’t know where my book is. I have to __________________it. 15. It’s dark inside. Can you __________________the light, please? PHRASAL VERB Question 1. D Question 6. C Question 2. D Question 7. B Question 12. turn off Question 3. C Question 8. B Question 13. Get on Question 4. B Question 9. A Question 14. look for Question 5. A Question 10. C Question 15. switch on Task 3. Complete each sentence using the correct form of a phrasal verb. pass down live on deal with close down face up to get on with come back turn down 1. We must_____________ the reality that our handicrafts are in competition with those of other villages. 2. I invited her to join our trip to Trang An, but she_________________ my invitation. 3. The craft of basket weaving is usually ________________from generation to generation. 4. Do you think we can_________________ selling silk scarves as souvenirs? 5. They had to ________________the museum because it's no longer a place of interest. 6. What time ______________ you______________ from the trip last night? Lời giải chi tiết: 1. face up to We must face up to the reality that our handicrafts are in competition with those of other villages. (Chúng ta phải đối mặt với thực tế rằng thủ công mỹ nghệ của chúng ta đang cạnh tranh với các làng nghề khác.) Giải thích: Sau modal verb (động từ khuyết thiếu) "must", động từ giữa nguyên thể => face up to 2. turned down I invited her to join our trip to Trang An, but she turned down my invitation. (Tôi đã mời cô ấy tham gia chuyến đi của chúng tôi tới Tràng An, nhưng cô ấy đã từ chối lời mời của tôi.) Giải thích: Chia động từ cùng thi trong một câu => turned down 3. passed down The craft of basket weaving is usually passed down from generation to generation. (Nghề đan thêu thường được truyền từ thế hệ này sang thế hệ khác.) Giải thích: Chia động từ ở dạng bị động => passed down 4. live on Do you think we can live on selling silk scarves as souvenirs? (Bạn có nghĩ chúng ta có thể bán khăn lụa làm quà lưu niệm đủ tiền sống không?) Giải thích: Sau modal verb (động từ khuyết thiếu) "can ", động từ giữa nguyên thể => live on 5. close down They had to close down the museum because it's no longer a place of interest. (Họ phải đóng cửa viện bảo tàng vì không còn là nơi được chú ý nữa.) Giải thích: Sau modal verb (động từ khuyết thiếu) "had to " (have to), động từ giữa nguyên thể => close down 6. did... come back What time did you come back from the trip last night? (Bạn trở về lúc mấy giờ từ chuyến đi đêm qua?) Giải thích: Chia động từ quá khứ đơn vì có dấu hiệu nhận biết "last night" Task 4. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. 1. Where did you get the information about Disneyland Resort? (find) -> Where_____________________________________________________________________? 2. What time did you get out of bed this morning? (up) -> When______________________________________________________________________? 3. I’ll read this leaflet to see what activities are organised at this attraction. (look) ->I'll__________________________________________________________________________ 4. They're going to publish a guidebook to different beauty spots in Viet Nam. (out) ->They're_____________________________________________________________________. 5. I'm thinking with pleasure about the weekend! (forward) ->I'm_________________________________________________________________________! Lời giải chi tiết: 1. Where did you find out about Disneyland Resort? (Bạn đã nhận được thông tin về Khu nghỉ mát Disneyland ở đâu?) 2. When did you get up this morning? (Sáng nay bạn thức dậy khi nào?) 3. I'll look through this leaflet to see what activities are organised at this attraction. (Tôi sẽ nhìn qua tờ thông tin này để xem hoạt động nào được tổ chức tại điểm thu hút này.) 4. They're going to bring out a guidebook to different beauty spots in Viet Nam. (Họ sẽ giới thiệu một cuốn hướng dẫn về các điểm đẹp khác nhau ở Việt Nam.) 5. I'm looking forward to the weekend! (Tôi đang mong chờ ngày cuối tuần!) Task 5. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets. You may have to change the form of the verb. 1. I don't remember exactly when my parents started this workshop. (set up) ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. We have to try harder so that our handicrafts can stay equal with theirs. (keep up with) ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What time will you begin your journey to Da Lat? (set off) ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. We arranged to meet in front of the lantern shop at 8 o'clock, but she never arrived. (turn up) ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. The artisans in my village can earn enough money from basket weaving to live. (live on) ______________________________________________________________________________ Lời giải chi tiết: 1. I don't remember exactly when my parents set up this workshop. (Tôi không nhớ chính xác khi nào bố mẹ tôi bắt đầu cái xưởng này.) 2. We have to try harder so that our handicrafts can keep up with theirs. (Chúng ta phải cố gắng hơn để đồ thủ công mỹ nghệ của chúng tôi có thể giữ được ngang bằng với họ.) 3. What time will you set off for Da Lat? (Mấy giờ bạn bắt đầu chuyến đi Đà Lạt?) 4. We arranged to meet in front of the lantern shop at 8 o'clock, but she never turned up. (Chúng tôi sắp xếp để gặp mặt trước cửa hàng đèn lồng lúc 8 giờ, nhưng cô ấy không bao giờ đến.) 5. The artisans in my life can live on basket weaving. (Các thợ thủ công ở làng tôi có thể kiếm đủ tiền sinh sống từ đan giỏ.) Task 6. Underline the corect particle to complete each phrasal verb. 1. The city has recently set up / off/ out a library in the West Suburb. 2. I don’t think that Fred gets over/ through/on with Daniel. They always argue. 3. You should take your hat in/ over/ off in the cinema. 4. Their children have all grown up / out/ out of and left home for the city to work. 5. We were shown up/ off/ around the town by a volunteer student. 6. The town council decided to pull up/over/ down the building; as it was unsafe. Lời giải chi tiết: 1. The city has recently set up a library in the West Suburb. (Thành phố vừa mới thành lập một thư viện ở Ngoại ô phía Tây.) 2. I don't think Fred gets on with Daniel. They always argue. (Tôi không nghĩ Fred vui vẻ trở lại với Daniel. Họ luôn luôn tranh cãi.) 3. You should take your hat off in the cinema. (Bạn nên bỏ mũ trong rạp chiếu phim.) 4. Their children have all grown up of and left home for the city to work. (Những đứa trẻ của họ đã lớn lên và rời quê hương đến thành phố làm việc.) 5. We were shown around the town by a volunteer student. (Chúng tôi được đưa đi một vòng quanh thị trấn bởi một sinh viên tình nguyện.) 6. The town council decided to pull down the building, as it was unsafe. (Hội đồng thị trấn quyết định phá bỏ những tòa nhà, vì nó không an toàn.) Task 7. Underline the phrasal verbs in the sentences and match them to their meaning from the box remove examine press the switch refuse make a note continue doing 1. You don't need the light on in here. Turn it off ( _________________________ ) please. 2. They offered him a place at the company but he turned it down ( ________________________) . 3. The doctor wanted to go over ( ________________________) the test results with her patient. 4. Once you've finished cleaning, you can go on ( _______________________ ) with your work. 5. When you come inside, you should take off ( _______________________ ) your coat and hat. 6. The local meeting is on Oct. 15th. Put it down ( _______________________ ) in your diary. Lời giải chi tiết: 1. turn it off → press the switch: tắt đèn 2. turn it down → refuse: từ chối 3. go over → examine: kiểm tra 4. go on with → continue doing: tiếp tục làm 5. take off → remove: cởi, gỡ 6. put it down in → make a note: ghi chú Task 8 : Give the meaning of phrasal verbs in this paragraph. For her first evening's work at the bar, Sarah dressed up. She wore a black skirt and white blouse, as she had been told to look smart. However, when she turned up, she found out that the manager had been less than honest with her about the job. She had to serve the customers and also work in the kitchen. Still, she decided to go on working at the bar for the time being. After all, she was getting on well in the job. Three months later, she saw an advertisement in the paper for a sales assistant at a department store. She thought it over carefully, and decided to apply for it. 'But I won't tell anyone until I've got the new job!' she thought. The prospect of doing something different cheered her up considerably. 1.dress up = put on smart clothes: ___________________________ 2. turn up = arrive: ___________________________ 3.find out = discover: ___________________________ 4.go on = continue: ___________________________ 5.get on = make progress: ___________________________ 6.think over = consider: ___________________________ 7.apply for = ask for (a job): ___________________________ 8.cheer up = make someone feel happier ___________________________ Lời giải dress up = put on smart clothes: mặc quần áo đẹp turn up = arrive: xuất hiện find out = discover: khám phá go on = continue: tiếp tục get on = make progress: tiến bộ think over = consider: cân nhắc apply for = ask for (a job): xin việc cheer up = make someone feel happier: động viên Task 9. Complete each space with a phrasal verb from the list. Change the form of the verb if neccessary. cheer up get over turn back find out turn down go on 1. She ___________________ his invitation to the party and now he's really upset. 2. What's ___________________ in the street over there? Open the door! 3. Lots of fruit and vegetables will help you ___________________ your cold. 4. My brother was ___________________ with a trip to the zoo. 5. The road was jammed, so we had to ___________________ and find an alternative route. 6. I have ___________________ about a fabulous place where we can go for a picnic this weekend. Lời giải chi tiết: 1. She turned down his invitation to the party and now he's really upset. (Cô ấy từ chối lời mời đến bữa tiệc và bây giờ anh ta thực sự tức giận.) Giải thích: Diễn tả một sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ nên sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn 2. What's going on in the street over there? Open the door. (Có chuyện gì đang diễn ra ở đó. Mở cửa ra đi.) Giải thích: What's going on: chuyện gì đang diễn ra 3. Lots of fruit and vegetables will help you get over your cold. (Có nhiều loại rau củ và hoa quả có thể giúp bạn khỏi cảm lạnh.) Giải thích: cấu trúc help + O + động từ nguyên thể 4. My brother was cheered up with a trip to the zoo. (Em trai tôi đã vui lên nhiều với chuyện đi chơi đến sở thú.) Giải thích: cấu trúc bị động thì quá khứ đơn S + were/ was + Ved/V3 5. The road was jammed, so we had to turn back and find an alternative route. (Con đường đang bị tắc, nên chúng toi phải quay lại và tìm đường khác.) Giải thích: cấu trúc have to/ has to/ had to + động từ nguyên thể 6. I have found out about a fabulous place where we can go for a picnic this weekend. (Tôi đã tìm ra một địa điểm thú vị nơi mà có thể đi dã ngoại vào cuối tuần này.) Giải thích: cấu trúc thì hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + Ved/V3 Task 10 . Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in capitals. 1. Don't leave the lights on when you leave the classroom. OFF 2. Mai spent her childhood in a small town in the south. UP 3. Kathy checked the restaurant on her mobile phone. LOOKED 4. My grandmother has recovered from her operation. GOT 5. We are really expecting to see you again with pleasure. LOOK Task 11. Complete each sentence with the correct form of a phrasal verb from the list. look up(tra cứu) deal with(đối mặt với) turn down(từ chối) set up (thiết lập) get over(vượt qua) put up with(chịu đựng) give up(từ bỏ) keep up with(bắt kịp) 1. The two countries agreed to _____________________ full diplomatic relations. 2. When you’re tired and under stress, it’s important to look after yourself and find ways to_________ it. 3. Six people applied for the job, but four of them were _________________. 4. Why don’t you _____________________ this word in the dictionary? 5. Mike had to ___________________ gymnastics because of his injury. 6. I’m going crazy! I can’t ___________________ so much confusion! 7. I think she ____________________ the quarrel with her close friend. 8. It’s difficult to __________________ changes in technology. Lời giải chi tiết: 1. set up The two countries agreed to set up full diplomatic relations. (Hai quốc gia đã nhất trí thiết lập quan hệ ngoại giao.) 2. deal with When you’re tired and under stress, it’s important to look after yourself and find ways to deal with it. (Khi bạn mệt mỏi và bị căng thẳng, điều quan trọng là hãy tự chăm sóc bản thân và tìm cách giải quyết nó.) 3. turned down Six people applied for the job, but four of them were turned down. (Có sáu người nộp đơn cho công việc này, nhưng 4 người trong số họ bị từ chối.) 4. look up Why don’t you look up this word in the dictionary? (Tại sao bạn không tìm kiếm từ này trong từ điển?) 5. give up Mike had to give up gymnastics because of his injury. (Mike phải từ bỏ môn thể thao vì chấn thương.) 6. put up with I’m going crazy! I can’t put up with so much confusion! (Tôi sẽ phát điên! Tôi không thể chịu đựng được có quá nhiều nhầm lẫn!) 7. got over I think she got over the quarrel with her close friend. (Tôi nghĩ cô ấy đã vượt qua cuộc cãi vả với người bạn thân của cô.) 8. keep up with It’s difficult to keep up with changes in
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