Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 (Global Success) - Unit 2: Humans and the environment

UNIT 2: HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Vocabulary 
GETTING STARTED
green living	 /gri:n 'lɪvɪŋ/(n.phr): 	sống xanh
improve 	/ɪm'pru:v/(v): 	cải thiện
set up 	/set ʌp/ (phr.v): 	thành lập
clean up 	/ kli:n ʌp /(phr.v): 	dọn dẹp
planned event 	/ plænd ɪˈvɛnt /(n.phr): 	sự kiện đã được lên kế hoạch
carbon footprint 	/'kɑːbən 'fʊtprɪnt/  (n.phr):	khí thải carbon
text 	/tekst/(v): 	nhắn tin
achieve 	/ə'tʃi:v/(v)(v): 	đạt được
raise 	/reɪz/ (v): 	nâng cao
adopt 	/ə;dɒpt/(v): 	áp dụng
LANGUAGE
plot 	/plɒt/(n): 	cốt truyện
playground 	/'pleɪɡraʊnd/ (n): 	sân chơi
household appliances /'haʊshəʊld ə'plaɪənsɪz/(n.phr): đồ dùng gia đình
eco-friendly 	/ 'i:kəʊ-'frendli / (adj): 	thân thiện với mối trường
produce 	/prə'dju:s/(v): 	tạo ra
litter 	/'lɪtə(r)/(v): 	vứt rác
harm 	/hɑːm/(v): 	gây hại
device 	/dɪˈvaɪs/ (n): 	thiết bị
driving machine 	/'draɪvɪŋ mə'ʃi:n/(n): 	máy lái xe
attract 	/ə'trækt/ (v): 	gây được sự chú ý
reduce 	/ri'dju:s/(v): 	giảm
revise for 	/ rɪˈvaɪz fɔː /(phr.v): 	ôn tập
make the decision 	/meɪk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən/(v.phr): 	đưa ra quyết định
READING
lifestyle 	/'laɪfstaɪl/ (n): l	ối sống
sustainable 	/sə'steɪnəbl/(adj): 	bền vững
prevent 	/prɪˈvent/ (v): 	ngăn ngừa
natural and organic 	/'næʧrəl ænd ɔːˈgænɪk/(adj): tự nhiên và hữu cơ
chemical 	/'kemɪkl/ (n): 	chất độc hại
cut down 	/ kʌt daʊn /(phr.v): 	cắt giảm
break down 	/breɪk daʊn/(phr.v): 	phân hủy
refillable 	/.ri:'fɪləbl/(adj): 	có thể đổ đầy
recycle 	/,ri:'saɪkl/(v): 	tái chế
raw material 	/rɔː mə'tɪərɪəl/(n.phr): 	nguyên liệu thô
throw away 	/θrəʊ ə'weɪ/(phr.v): 	vứt
compulsory 	/kəm'pʌlsəri/(adj): 	bắt buộc
electrical appliance 	/ɪˈlektrɪkl ə'plaɪəns/ (n.phr): thiết bị điện
SPEAKING
teenager 	/'ti:neɪdʒə(r)/ (n): 	thanh thiếu niên
dirty 	/'dɜːti/ (adj): 	bẩn thỉu
waste 	/weɪst/(v,n): 	gây, chất thải
shade 	/ʃeɪd/(n): 	bóng râm
LISTENING
announcement 	/ə'naʊnsmənt/(n): 	thông báo
pick up 	/pɪk ʌp/(phr.v): 	nhặt rác
take part in 	/teɪk pɑːt ɪn/(v.phr): 	tham gia
water 	/'wɔːtə(r)/ (v): 	tưới nước
WRITING
waste collection 	/weɪst kə'lɛkʃən/(n.phr): 	thu gom chất thải
suggestion 	/sə'dʒestʃən/ (n): 	đề xuất
safe for 	/seɪf fɔː/ (adj.phr): 	an toàn
action 	/'ækʃn/ (n):	 	hành động
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
climate change 	/'klaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ (n.phr): 	biến đổi khí hậu
collect information 	/kə'lɛkt ,ɪnfə'meɪʃən/ (v.phr): thu thập thông tin
emissions 	/ɪˈmɪʃənz/(n): 	phát thải
calculate 	/'kælkjuleɪt(v): 	tính toán
global temperatures 	/'gləʊbəl 'tɛmprɪʧəz/ (n.phr): nhiệt độ toàn cầu
heat 	/hi:t/(v): 	làm nóng
public transport 	/'pʌblɪk 'trænspɔːt/ (n.phr): phương tiện công cộng
impact 	/'ɪmpækt/ (n): 	sự tác động
LOOKING BACK
professor 	/prə'fesə(r)/(n): 	giáo sư
modern household 	/'mɒdən 'haʊshəʊld/ (n.phr): hộ gia đình hiện đại
driving test 	/'draɪvɪŋ test/ (n.phr): 	kiểm tra lái xe
congratulation 	/kən.ɡrætʃə'leɪʃn/(n): 	chúc mừng
be made of 	bi: meɪd ɒv/(v.phr): 	được làm bằng
wind energy 	/wɪnd 'ɛnəʤi/  (n.phr): 	năng lượng gió
PROJECT
make a plan 	/meɪk ə plæn/(v.phr): 	lập kế hoạch
GRAMMAR: WILL or BE GOING TO
+ Chúng ta dùng will để nói về:
- kế hoạch được xây dựng ở thời điểm nói.
- dự đoán dựa trên những gì chúng ta nghĩ hoặc chúng ta tin về tương lai.
- Cấu trúc: S + will + V-nguyên thể
+ Chúng ta dùng be going to để nói về:
- kế hoạch đã được xây dựng trước thời điểm nói.
- dự đoán dựa trên những gì chúng ta nhìn thấy hoặc dựa vào hiểu biết.
- Cấu trúc:
I + am + going to + V-nguyên thể
S (số ít) + is + going to + V-nguyên thể
S (số nhiều) + are + going to + V-nguyên thể
Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to.
A: Oh no! I’ve left my money at home.
     B: Again? OK. I will pay for the dinner.
The weather forecast is good for the next few days. It is going to be warm and sunny.
I think the final match will be very exciting.
They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday. They are going to do a tour of the country.
I hope you will visit me in my home one day.
I can’t come to the party tomorrow. I am going to study for my exams.
A: It’s very hot in here.
     B: I will turn on the air conditioner
I and my friends are going to see a movie after class. Would you like to join us?
GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE
General rule:
Active: S + V + O
 Passive: S + BE + V3/ ED + by O
Ex: - She usually takes my car.
 → My car is usually taken by her.
 - He has sent his son to another school.
→ His son has been sent to another school.
Active ® passive:
1
V1/s/es
am / is / are + V3/ed
2
V2/ed
was / were + V3/ed
3
am/ is / are + Ving
am/ is /are + being + V3/ed
4
was / were + Ving
was / were + being + V3/ed
5
has / have + V3/ed
has / have + been + V3/ed
6
had +V3/ed
had + been + V3/ed
7
will / would / can / could + V0
may / might / must / should
will / would / can / could + be + V3/ed
may / might / must / should
8
be going to / have to + V0
used to 
be going to / have to + be + V3/ed
used to 
Decide whether the following sentences belong to the active voice or passive voice.
I have never been to Paris. (active voice/ passive voice)
I have never been arrested. (active voice/ passive voice)
The tower was built in 1802 by a French Artist. (active voice/ passive voice)
Nothing happened. (active voice/ passive voice)
No one was injured by the fire. (active voice/ passive voice)
The award was given to the top student. (active voice/ passive voice)
We decided not to hire anyone. (active voice/ passive voice)
The pizza was delicious. (active voice/ passive voice)
The pizza was ordered. (active voice/ passive voice)
The pizza made me sick. (active voice/ passive voice)
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice
The words are explained by the teacher. (to explain - Present simple) 
My car was stolen while I was gardening. (to steal - Past simple) 
A new restaurant will be opened next week (to open - Future simple) 
Our street is being closed because of snow. (to close - Present continuous) 
A new house is going to be built by my parents next month. (to build - be going to) 
Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words.
People eat 40 million hamburgers every day.
	=> 40 million hamburgers are eaten every day.
People speak English all over the world
	=> English is spoken all over the world.
Where did they invent gun powder?
	=> Where was gun powder invented?
The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend.
	=> The missing girl wasn’t found last weekend.
Tourists don’t visit this museum very often.
	=> This museum isn’t visited very often.
Workers are building a new fun park in town.
	=> A new fun park is being built in town.
When did they translate this book into English?
	=> When was this book translated into English?
Women send thousands of emails to the star every month.
	=> Thousands of emails are sent to the star every month.
Daisy brought me some fresh grapes.
	=> I was brought some fresh grapes by Daisy.
Some dangerous looking men were following me the whole evening.
	=> I was being followed the whole evening by some dangerous looking men.
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
Pollution affects the environment in many ways.
=> The environment is affected in many ways by pollution.
The club's activities will raise people's awareness of environmental issues.
=> People's awareness of environmental issues will be raised by the club's activities.
The local people planted many more trees in the neighbourhood last week.
=> Many more trees were planted in the neighbourhood last week by the local people.
The students are cleaning the school playground this morning.
=> The school playground is being cleaned this morning by the students.
Americans use around 100 billion plastic bags each year.
=> Around 100 billion plastic bags are used each year by Americans.
More and more people adopt a green lifestyle.
=> A green lifestyle is adopted by more and more people.
We are going to pick up rubbish in the central park this weekend.
=> A green lifestyle is adopted by more and more people.
The Youth Union will organise a campaign to protect the environment.
=> A campaign will be organised to protect the environment by the Youth Union.
Change the sentences into the active voice.
The children are helped by the policemen.
	The policemen help the children.
A letter is being typed by the manager.
	The manager is typing a letter.
Sally’s little brother will be looked after by her.
	Sally will look after her little brother.
Our window was broken by the robber.
	The robber broke our window.
The car has been cleaned by us.
	We have cleaned the car.
I was offered a bike for my birthday by my parents.
	My parents offered me a bike for my birthday.
Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
I'm afraid you_________ for an interview.
A. didn't select	B. haven't selected	C. were not selected	 D. were not selecting
Her first novel_________ into English last year.
A. translated	B. was translated	C. was translating	D. translate
Their suitcases are packed. They_________ to the southern part of the country for their holiday.
A. will travel	B. travelled	C. are going to travel D. was travelling
My brother_________ a set of toys for his 7th birthday.
A. was given	B. gave	C. was giving	D. give
Are you thirsty? I _________you a glass of water.
A. will get	B. am going to get	C. have given	D. gave
This book _________in the classroom yesterday.
A. was left	B. was leaving	C. leaves	D. left
A documentary about the wildlife_________ on TV tonight.
A. show	B. will show	C. showed	 D. is going to be shown
She is buying some sugar and flour. She _________a cake this evening.
A. is going to make	B. makes	C. made	D. has made
Listen! There's someone at the door. I ____ the door for you.
A. am going to open	B. am opening	C. open	D. will open
“Look at those dark clouds!“ - “Yes, it ____ in some minutes.”
A. will rain 	B. is going to rain 	C. are going to rain 	D. is raining
It‘s very hot. ____ the window. please? 
A. Are you opening 	B. Are you going to open	
C. Will you open	D. Won’t you open
Although I have taken some aspirin, the headache ________ away.
A. isn‘t going 	B. isn’t going to 	C. not go 	D. won’t go
On Sunday at 8 o‘clock I ____ my friend.
A. meet 	B. am going to meet C. will be meeting 	D. will meet
Wait! I ____ you to the station.
A. am driving 	B. drive 	C. is going to drive 	D. will drive
I ____ my sister in April as planned.
A. have seen 	B. will see 	 	C. am going to see 	D. see
Perhaps I ____ New York one day.
A. am visiting 	B. am going to visit 	C. visit 	D. will visit
What time ____ tomorrow?
A. are you going to leave 	B. do you leave	
C. will you leave 	D. would you leave
Who ____ the next World Cup?
A. is going to win 	B. is wining 	C. will win 	D. win
He ____ to the theatre tonight. He has got a free ticket.	
A. goes 	B. is going 	C. went 	D. will go
I ____ my parents at the weekend. I already bought a train ticket.
A. visit 	B. am going to visit 	C. visited 	D. will visit
Don‘t touch that dog. It ____ you.
A. bites 	B. is biting 	C. is going to bite 	D. will bite
It ____ that half of your plate should consist of vegetables and fruit.
A. is suggested 	B. is suggesting 	C. suggesting	D. suggests
Stephen William Hawking ____ on 8 January, 1942 in Oxford, England.
A. born	B. has born 	C. is born 	D. was born
____ by your father?
A. Did that book write 	B. Did that book written
C. Was that book writing	D. Was that book written
The teacher ____ the student for lying.
A. was punished 	B. is punished	C. punished	D. has been punished
The injured ____ to the hospital in an ambulance.
A. have taken	B. was taking 	C. were taken	D. were taking
Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form.
clean up 	set up 	 recycle 	raise 	 encourage 	 adopt 	organise 	reduce
Doctors try to __________ awareness of the importance of adopting a green lifestyle.
We need to _____________ the amount of waste you throw out every day.
We can prevent some diseases by _____________ a healthier lifestyle.
Our club is going to have plans to _____________ the beaches.
We _____________ all our cans and bottles.
They will _____________ a workshop about the benefits of green living.
There is a lot of work involved in _____________ the campaign to recycle our waste.
That fine is not enough to _____________ people to stop littering in the streets.
raise / 2 reduce / 3 adopting / 4 clean up /5 recycle 6/ organise /7setingt up /8 encourage 
Complete the sentences with the words given below.
poison 	pollutes 	destroy 	waste 	 burn 	save 	 reuse 	recycle
Using cars _____________ the atmosphere.
It’s wrong to _____________ trees. We need them.
People must _____________ the tigers in India.
We sometimes _____________ plastic cartons. We put small plants in them.
It’s important to _____________ more paper and glass.
Some families buy a lot of food and don’t eat them. They _____________ it.
Rubbish in the river can _____________ the fish.
It’s bad for the environment to _____________ plastic bags.
1 pollutes / 2. destroy / 3 save / 4. reuse / 5 recycle / 6 waste / 7. poison / 8 burn 
Complete the text with the words given below.
disposable	 eco-friendly 	green 	pollute	 toxic	 recycle
How eco-friendly is your town?
	In our town, I don’t think we are very (90) _________ - we don’t think about the energy we use or the things we throw away. It’s bad to use a lot of (91) _________ plastic bags and create rubbish that isn’t biodegradable. I think people in my town need to (92)________ more paper and plastic and use more (93)_________ energy, too. People often (94)_________ the air and rivers with (95)_________ waste. This is very unhealthy for people and animals. We need air and water that is clean and safe for everyone.
__eco-friendly ___ 
__disposable____ 
__recycle____ 
__green _______ 
___pollute_____ 
___toxic_______ 
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
Leave our electric appliances ____________ when they are not ____________ use is a bad habit. on / in 
It takes many years ____________ plastic waste to break down ____________ small pieces. for / into 
Both students and local people take part ____________ the event to pick up rubbish ____________ the central market. in / in 
We should set ____________ more rubbish bins ____________ public places to keep the environment clean and safe ____________ everyone. up / in / for
Complete the following sentences with the words / phrases from the box.
 organic      energy      adopt       awareness        
 set up        eco-friendly          litter               protect
More and more people adopt a green lifestyle, which is good for themselves and the environment.
Organic farming is better for the environment because it doesn't use harmful chemicals.
The club hopes to raise public awareness of the environmental issues.
Students are reminded not to drop litter in the street.
Bamboo is considered to be one of the most eco-friendly building materials.
A way to save energy is to reduce the amount of electricity used at home.
Simple actions like putting rubbish in the bin can help to protect the environment.
The club was set up to encourage people to recycle more.
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
You can save a lot of energy by turning off unnecessary household (appliances / chores).
(Natural / Nature) resources are materials from the Earth used to support life and meet people's needs.
More people turn to organic products because they do not contain harmful (chemicals / chemistry).
The club members hope to (raise / rise) people's awareness of environmental protection.
There are many simple ways to reduce the negative impact of using plastic on the (environment / environmental).
Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
A. set	B. encourage	C. enjoyable	D. environment
A. clean	B. green	C. beautiful	D. heat
A. yoga	B. young	C. yellow	D. rhythm
A. item	B. organic	C. plastic	D. interesting
A. plastic	B. organic	C. natural	D. take
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
A. protection	B. neighbourhood	C. natural	D. energy
A. polluted	B. dangerous	C. organic	D. recycled
A. compulsory	B. electrical	C. situation	D. environment
A. sustainable	B. eco-friendly	C. refillable	D. activity
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
It _______ that half of your plate consists of vegetables and fruit.
	A. suggests	B. suggesting	C. is suggested	D. is suggesting
I _______ an interview for a scholarship tomorrow morning.
	A. will have	B. am going to have 	C. will be having	D. will have had
Not brushing your teeth regularly _______ plaque build up on your teeth.
	A. is going to let	B. is going to allow 	C. will let	D. will get
I _______ a good hot bath in ten minutes in order to take good care of my skin.
	A. will have	B. will have had	C. will be having	D. is going to have
Someone’s carbon _______ is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
	A. effect	B. amount	C. footprint	D. energy
The more carbon footprint we can ______, the more we can protect the environment.
	A. reduce	B. increase	C. cut	D. achieve
Complete the conversations by circling the best answers. Then practise reading them.
Mai: "I want to reduce my carbon footprint. _________"
     Lan: "You should change your daily habits. For example, you should take shorter showers to save energy."
	A. What should I do, Lan?	B. How about the exam, Lan?
	C. What do you have, Lan?	D. How do I change my routine, Lan?
Nam: "Can you give me some advice on how to reduce air pollution in the city?"
     Hoa: "_________I would use public transport such as buses or trains. It's a very good way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions."
	A. If I liked you	B. If I were you	C. If I wished	D. If I wanted
Tuan: "Can you give me some advice about living green?"
    Minh: ___ use more organic food because it's good for your health and the environment.
	A. I advise you to	B. I want you t	C. I tell you to	D. I ask you to
Long: "I'm looking for a book on endangered animals but I haven't found a good one. _______"
    Hoa: "How about searching it on our school library website? I hope you will find the one you need there."
	A. Can you show me the way to the library?	B. Would you like to go to the bookshop?
	C. Can you give me some advice?	D. Would you like to try it on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Look at the dark clouds. I’m sure it will rain soon.
	 A	 B	 C	 D
Many accidents is caused by careless driving.
 A	 B	 C	 D
She was gave a box full of chocolate.
	 A	 B C D
Read the text and choose the best answers.
	The most obvious advantage of living green is that it helps reduce environmental pollution. This is done by practising the 3Rs. The first R means choosing products very carefully to reduce waste as much as possible. Reusing involves the repeated use of items. The third R is about separating materials that can be recycled and later used for a new purpose.
	There are also economic benefits to living green. Reducing the use of energy and water can help save money on household bills. Furthermore, reusing products and materials is another way to make saving. It helps save on production costs since creating new products wastes materials and is expensive. Recycled products also last longer than new ones, making them a better and more eco-friendly option.
	Lastly, going green offers health benefits. It reduces air pollutants by making the air we breathe cleaner and healthier. This means fewer diseases and doctor's appointments. Another way to improve your health is to purchase organic foods and green products for your household. They don't use harmful chemicals that can lead to health issues. In turn, you are also supporting responsible farming methods that protect the environment.
What is the main idea of the text?
A. The pros of a green lifestyle.
B. Difficulties in adopting a green lifestyle.
C. Trends in green living.
According to the text, how can we practise the 3Rs?
A. By reducing waste as much as possible
B. By reusing and recycling items
C. By doing both A and B above
Which of the following is NOT given in the text as a benefit of living green?
A. health benefit	B. economic benefit	C. community benefit
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. creating new products	B. reusing products	C. making savings
The word 'purchase' in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_________.
A. exchange	B. sell	C. buy
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
This surprises me.
A. I am surprised by this.	B. I was surprised by this.
C. I will be surprised by this.	D. I would have been surprised by this.
They were interviewing her for the job.
A. She has been interviewed for the job.	B. She was being interviewed for the job.
C. She was interviewed for the job.	D. She was interviewing for the job.
They may forget the password.
A. The password may be forgot.	B. The password may be forgotten.
C. The password may been forgot.	D. The password may have been forgotten.
The students should have done the assignment.
A. The assignment should be done by the students.
B. The assignment should had been done by the students.
C. The assignment should have been did by the students.
D. The assignment should have been done by the students.
Everyone understands English.
A. English has been understood by everyone.
B. English is understood by everyone.
C. English was being understood by everyone.
D. English was understood by everyone.
The doctor told him not to talk during the meditation.
A. He has been told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
B. He was told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
C. He was being told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
D. He is told by the doctor not to talk during the meditation.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 
GREEN ENERGY
Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (146) ____ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (147) ____.
Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is called (148) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that person (149) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us. 
Wind power and solar power, (150) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left.
A. point 	B. outlet 	C. factory 	D. plant 
A. run out of 	B. run out 	C. burn out 	D. cut out 
A. durable 	B. sustainable 	C. harmful 	D. effective 
A. along 	B. about 	C. within 	D. during 
A. where 	B. when 	C. which 	D. what 
Use the verbs in their correct forms and add some words where necessary to make meaningful sentences.
Reduce / amount / air travel / way / reduce / carbon footprint.
=> Reducing the amount of air travel is a good way to reduce your carbon footprint.
You / turn / appliances / when/ in use / save / energy
=> You should turn off your household appliances when they are not in use to save energy.
Cut / plastic / products/reduce / plastic pollution.
=> Cutting down on plastic products can reduce plastic pollution.
You / buy / organic / food / contain /harmful / chemicals
=> You should buy organic food because it does not contain harmful chemicals.
Plant / trees / provide / shade / environment / beautiful.
=> Planting trees provides shade and makes the environment look beautiful.
Talk about things you should do to make the environment better. You may use the suggested ideas in the box. You can start the talk with the sentence below.
You can make the environment better by:
- reducing the amount of energy you use in the home
- using organic food
- avoiding products that are made from plastic
“There are several things I should do to make the environment better ”
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