Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Chuyên đề: Cấu tạo từ (word formation)
Bạn đang xem nội dung tài liệu Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Chuyên đề: Cấu tạo từ (word formation), để tải tài liệu về máy bạn click vào nút DOWNLOAD ở trên
CHUYÊN ĐỀ CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A. Cách thành lập DANH TỪ Formation NOUNS Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant................... Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision.................. Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval...................... Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building..................... Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness................. Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty,.................... Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength...................................... Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom.............................. Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian.................... Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism........................ Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship............................ Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood..................... Super/ over/ sub/ sur + N Supermarket, superman overexpenditure subway overexpenditure Vị trí của DANH TỪ Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books. Sau- mạo từ: a /an / the - từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, - từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several... - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its He is a student. These flowers are beautiful. She needs some water. Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books. She meets a lot of people. Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music. Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived. Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house. B. Cách thành lập TÍNH TỪ formular Adjectives ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful...... less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless.............. ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly....... like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike.............. ish Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish.............. y Hearthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy................ al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical................ ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous................ ic Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic............................ able Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable...................... Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + adj Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable........................... Vị trí của TÍNH TỪ Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books. Sau TO BE I am tired. Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem It becomes hot. She feels sad. Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, It is extremely cold. I’m terribly sorry. She is very beautiful. Sau keep / make) The news made me happy. Sau too (be + too + adj) That house is too small. Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough. Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak. A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, + (Adj) + Noun My new car is blue. Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V - What + (a / an) + adj + N How beautiful the girl is! What an interesting film! Note: adj-ed adj-ing Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó. Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.) Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại. Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.) C. Cách thành lập ĐỘNG TỪ formular Verbs Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint................... Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand,.......................... Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber,............................. Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge......................... Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall,............................. Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign..................... En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger............... ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize,sympathise economise.................. C. Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently... Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không Vị trí của Trạng từ Adv + adj Ex: She is very beautiful. The weather is extremely hot. Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam. Adverbs are placed after the verb modified. Ex: He is running fast. Adv + Pii Ex: He is well educated. The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom’s parents. * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Grade 12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls? a. act b. active c. action d. activity You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done. a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost. a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations. a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _______ of teachers. a. support b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it. a. care b. caring c. careless d. careful For ________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended. a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide. a. confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission. a. will b. willing c. willingness d. willingly UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase John cannot make a __ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. a. decide b. decision c. decisive d. decisively My mother used to be a woman of great _______, but now she gets old and looks pale. a. beauty b. beautiful c. beautifully d. beautify Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in _____. a. agree b. agreeable c. agreement d. agreeably The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel. a. confide b. confident c. confidently d. confidence My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week. a. marry b. married c. marriageable d. marriage Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage. a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize Are there any _____, between Vietnamese and American culture? a. differences b. different c. differently d. differential Some people are concerned with physical _______when choosing a wife or husband. a. attractive b. attraction c. attractiveness d. attractively What could be more_______ than a wedding on a tropical island? a. romance b. romantic c. romanticizing d. romanticism In my hometown, many people still believe in_______ marriage. a. contract b. contractual c. contracts d. contracting _____ women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children. a. With tradition b. On tradition c. Traditional d. Traditionally Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's____ until the end. a. attentive b. attention c. attentively d. attentiveness The survey will cover various ways of ___________ the different attitudes toward love and marriage of today's youth. a. determination b. determine c. determined d. determining Both Asian and Western students seem ___ about how to answer the questionnaire of the survey. a. confusedly b. confused c. confusing d. confusion She was__ unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background. a. complete b. completed c. completing d. completely What is more important to you, intelligence or___________________? a. attraction b. attractiveness c. attractive d. attracted UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING 1. The family has a very important role in_____________ children. A. social B. socialist C. socializing D. socialism 3. In U. S. schools, teachers don't mind their students'___________ them during the lectures. A. interrupt B. interrupted C. interrupting D. to interrupt 4. His achievements were partly due to the____________ of his wife. A. assist B. assistant C. assisted D. assistance 5. By working day and night, they succeeded____________ their work in time. A. finished B. to finish C. finishing D. in finishing 6. They started, as ___ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years. A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality 7. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and ________. A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator 8. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always ____in response to questions. A. attention B. attentive C. attentively D. attentiveness 9. I make no __________ for encouraging my children to succeed in school. A. apologize B. apologetic C. apologies D. apoplectic 10. It was very more __________of a chat than an interview. A. formal B. informal C. formality D. informality Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM Exercise: Choose the most suitable word or phrase As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency. a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government and by _______ fee-paying schools. a. independent b. independently c. depended d. independence He did not do well at school and left with few _______ qualifications. a. academic b. academy c. academician d. academically The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to------- his new policy. a. public b. publicly c. publicize d. publicizing He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for _____. a. achieve b. achiever c. achievement d. achievable To Vietnamese students, the _______ examination to university is very difficult. a. require b. requirement c. requiring d. required Despite many recent _______ advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with computers. a. technology b. technological c. technologically d. technologist There is a wide range of _______ in the education system of the USA. a. select b. selective c. selected d. selection 10. Military is_____ in this country. Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve in the army for two years. a. compulsory b. optional c. illegal d. unnecessary UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION Exercise: Choose the best option 3. He was the only _______ that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying Parents can express a _______ for the school their child attends. a. prefer b. preference c. preferential d. preferable Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments. a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony_______. a. graduate b. graduated c. graduation d. graduating Mr. Pike provided us with an _______ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges. a. inform b. informative c. informed d. information Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _______. a. limiting b. limitation c. delimitation d. limited 9. You should ask him about your choice because he often made the right .. A. decides B. decision C. decisive D. deciding 10. Can you tell me about theprocess to tertiary study in Vietnam? A. applies B. applying C. application D. apply UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS Exercise: Choose the best option I am so _______ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent. a. nerve b. nervous c. nervously d. nervousness A letter of _______ is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview. a. recommend b. recommended c. recommender d. recommendation Doctors have to assume _______ for human life. a. responsible b. responsibly c. responsibility d. responsibles He was offered the job thanks to his _______ performance during his job interview. a. impress b. impression c. impressive d. impressively The interviewer gave his consent to John's ____for work and promised to give him a job. a. keen b. keenly c. keener d. keenness _______! I have heard of your success in the new project. a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations It is _______ to fail a job interview, but try again. a. disappoint b. disappointing c. disappointedly d. disappointment 10. I don't like_________jobs. In fact, I never want to work under high pressure. a. stress b. stressed c. stressing d. stressful UNIT 10: ENDANDERED SPECIES Exercise: Choose the best answer _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment. a. Biology b. Biological c. Biologist d. Biologically A / an ______species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment 3. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal ___. a. protect b. protection c. protective d. protector Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____. a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _______ rates found in the fossil record. a. nature b. natural c. naturally d. naturalness It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _______ and degradation are the leading threats. a. destroy b. destructive c. destructor d. destruction They eventually realize that reckless _______ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster. a. exploit b. exploitable c. exploitation d. exploitative Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______. a. fertile b. fertility c. fertilizers d. fertilizable Chemical wastes from factories are _____ that cause serious damage to species habitats. a. pollutes b. pollutants c. pollutions d. polluters Development of the area would _________wildlife. a. danger b. dangerous c. endanger d. dangerously England was one of the first countries to ____________. a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization Their ____________is rejected due to some problems of pollution. a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible We all regard pollution as a ____________matter to human beings. a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful The people in our village are leading a ________life. a. peace b. peaceful c. peacefully d. peacefulness We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests. a. destroy b. destructive c. destruction d. destructor UNIT 11: BOOKS Exercise: Choose the best answer. This book is not really ________. It is a waste of money buying it. a. inform b. information c. informative d. informatively Sometimes it is ________ to find suitable books for our children. a. difficult b. difficulty c. difficultly d. difficulties Read the book ________ and you can find the information you need. a. care b. careful c. carefulness d. carefully Not many people find reading more ________ than watching TV. a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly To become a novelist, you need to be ________. a. imagine b. imagination c. imaginative d. imaginarily Mary enjoys reading _____, adventure, and whatever else she can either buy or borrow. a. romance b. romantic c. romanticize d. romanticism The novel has had a tremendous impact on ________ and publishing markets. a. entertain b. entertainer c. entertainment d. entertainingly The children have very different __________. a. person b. personal c. personality d. personalities He talked ____________ of the past and his youth. a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romances Star Wars was created by a highly_________ writer. a. imaginable b. imaginative c. imaginary d. imagination The film The First to Fly is an____biography of the two famous Wright brothers. a. entertainer b. entertaining c. entertained d. entertainment UNIT 13: THE 22th SEA GAMES Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country. a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully The 22nd SEA Games consisted of athletes from eleven _____ countries. a. participate b. participant c. participation d. participating _______, the athlete broke the world's record with two attempts. a. Surprise b. Surprised c. Surprising d. Surprisingly Before the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnam had made a good _______ in every aspect. a. prepare b. preparation c. preparative d. preparer The second part of the program in the 22nd SEA Games opening ceremony was named "_______ for Peace". a. Cooperate b. Cooperation c. Cooperative d. Cooperatively The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers. a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively UNIT 14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Exercise: Choose the best answer The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on _______, race, religion, class or political opinions. a. national b. nationally c. nationality d. native The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private _______ institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland. a. human b. humanity c. humanization d. humanitarian In former days, after the battles soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field without any _______ attendance and basic care. a. medicine b. medical c. medication d. medically All payments to the ICRC are _______ and are received as donations. a. volunteer b. voluntary c. voluntarily d. voluntariness The Red Cross organizes and leads relief assistance missions after ______, such as natural disasters, man-made disasters, and epidemics. a. emergent b. emergencies c. emergently d. emergence One of the tasks of the Red Cross is also to support local _____ care projects. a. health b. healthy c. healthful d. healthily According to World Bank figures, 41 per cent of Brazilians live in absolute _______. a. poor b. poorer c. poorly d. poverty Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no _______ and well established army nursing systems for casualties. a. organize b. organized c. organizational d. organizers UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence. A child receives his early ________ from their parents. a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative Thanks to the women's liberation women can take part in ____ activities. a. social b. society c. socially d. socialize To preserve that ________, it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it. a. civil b. civilize c. civility d. civilization The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually ________ laws to enforce equal opportunities. a. discriminate b. discrimination c. discriminatory d. discriminated In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a ________. a. politics b. political c. politically d. politician Western women are more ________ than Asian women. a. depend b. dependent c. independent d. independently In some communities a husband's ________ over his wife is absolute. a. power b. powerful c. powerfully d. powered I think that up to now there has not been a real ________ between men and women. a. equal b. equally c. equality d. equalize It is illegal to___________on grounds of race, sex or religion. a. differ b. differentiate c. discriminate d. certify
File đính kèm:
on_tap_tieng_anh_lop_12_chuyen_de_cau_tao_tu_word_formation.docx
