Quán từ/Mạo từ - Articles

Quán từ/Mao từ - Articles 

I. "A, An " : Một

-"a, an" có thể đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít.
 
 Chúng được sử dụng trong lời nói chung chung hoặc để giới thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập đển trước đó.

E.g:
1. A ball is round 
(Nói chung mọi trái bóng đều tròn)
2. I saw a boy in the street.
( Chúng ta không biết "boy" nào)

- "An" được sử dụng trước những từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm.

- "A"được sử dụng trước những từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.
E.g:

 A book, a pen
 An apple, an ink-pot

* Có một số từ có thể có gây ra sự nhầm lẫn vì cách viết và cách đọc khác nhau.
E.G:
 A house but an hour
 A university but an umbrella.

- những từ sau đây luôn luôn được dùng với "a":

European house
Uniform eulogy
Home university
Euphemism heavy
Univresal eucalyptus
Half union

- những từ sau luôn luôn được dùng với "an":

Hour uncle
Heir umbrella
Herbal unnatural
Honor understanding

Chú ý: 

An umbrella A white umbrella.
An hour A whole hour

II. "The"

- "The" được sử dụng để chỉ sự việc mà chúng ta biết hoặc là kiến thức chung, phổ biến.

Ex: - The boy in the corner is my friend.
 → Cả người nói lẫn người nghe đều biết "boy" nào.
 - The earth is round.
 → Chỉ duy nhất 1"earth"

- Với những danh từ không đếm được, mạo từ "the" được sử dụng để nói về một cái gì đó riêng biệt, nhưng nó xẽ không dùng mạo từ nếu muốn chỉ cái gì chung chung.

Ex: - Sugar is sweet.
 (Đường thì ngọt → nói chung chung)
 - The suger on the table is from Cuba.
 (Đường mà ở trên bàn là đường Cuba → Riêng biệt)

- Thông thường, với những danh từ đếm được số nhiều khi nói đến 1 loại nào đó thì không có "the" đi trước.

Ex: Oranges are green until they ripen. (all oranger)
 Athletes should follow a well-balanced diet. (all athletes).

- Với danh từ riêng, sẽ có mạo từ "the" đứng trước nếu người nói muốn xác định rõ.

Ex: 
The Susan Parker that I know lives on First Avenue.

Những từ như :
 "breakfast, lunch, dinner, school, church, home, college,work" 
 không sử dụng bất cứ mạo từ nào nếu không giới hạn nghĩa.

Ex: We ate breakfast at eight o'clock this morning.

 We went to school yesterday.

* Sử dụng sự tổng quát hoá sau đây như một sự chỉ dẫn cho việc sử dụng mạo từ "THE".

Sử dụng "THE" với:

1/ Oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes:
Ex: 
the Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian gulf, the great Lakes.

2/ mountains:
Ex: 
the Rocky Mountains, the Andes

3/ earth, moon:
Ex: 
the earth, the moon.
4/ schools, colleges, universities when the phrase begins with school, ...
Ex: 
the University of Florida
 The college of Art and Sciences

5/ ordinal numbers before nouns
Ex: 
the First World War, the third chapter.

6/ wars (except world wars)
Ex: 
the Korean war.

7/ certain countries or groups of countries wthi more than one word (except Great Britain)
Ex: 
the United States, the United Kingdom.

8/ historical documents:
Ex: the constitution

9/ ethnic groups:
Ex: the Indians.

Không sử dụng "THE" với:
1/ Singular lakes:
Ex: 
Lake Geneva, Lake Erie.

2/ mounts: 
Ex: 
Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley.

3/ planets:
Ex: Venus, Mars, ...

4/ schools, colleges, universities when the pharase begins with a proper noun.
Ex:
 - Hong Bang college
 - Hung Vuong University.

5/ cardinal numbers after nouns
Ex: 
World war one, chapter three.

6/ countries preceded by "New" or an adjective such as a direction.
Ex: 
New Zealand, South Africa.
7/ countries with only one word
Ex: 
France, Sweden, Vietnam, ...

8/ continents:
Ex: 
Europe, Africa, ...

9/ states:
Ex: 
Florida, Ohio, California, ...

10/ sports: 
Ex: 
baseball, basket ball.

11/ abstract nouns:
Ex: 
freedom, happiness.

12/ general areas of subject matter:
Ex: mathematics, sociology.

13/ holidays: 
Ex:
 Christmas, Easter.

III.EXERCISES

Điền vào chỗ trống với các mạo từ thích hợp, nếu thấy cần thiết.

1. Jason's father bought him ..... bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
2. ..... Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from ..... France to ..... United States.
3. Rita is studying ..... English and ..... Math this semester.
4. ..... judge asked ..... witness to tell .... truth.
5. Please give me ..... cuo of ..... coffee with ..... cream and ..... sugar.
6. ..... big books on ..... table are for my history class.
7. No one in ..... Spanish class knew ..... correct answer to ..... Mrs Brown's question.
8. My ..... car is four years old, and it still runs well.
9. When you go to ..... store, please buy ..... bottle of ..... chocolate milk and ..... dozen oranges.
10. There are only ..... few seats left for ..... tonight's musical show at ..... university.
11. John and Mary went to ..... school yesterday and then studied in ..... library before retuming home.
12. ..... Lake Erie is one of ..... five great Lakes in ..... North America.
13. On our trip to ..... Spain, we crossed ..... Atlantic Ocean.
14. ..... Mount Rushmore is the site of ..... magnificent tribute to ..... four great American presidents.
15. What did you eat for ..... breakfast this morning?
16. David played ..... basket ball and ..... baseball at ..... Boy's club this year.
17. Rita plays ..... violin and her sister plays ..... guitar.
18. While we were in ..... Alaska, we saw ..... Eskimo village.
19. Tom can't go to ..... movies tonight because he has to write ..... essay.
20. David attended ..... Princeton University.
21. Harry has been admitted to ..... School of Medicine at ..... mid wertern University.
22. Mel's grandmother is in .... hospital, so we went to visit her ..... last night.
23. ..... political science class is taking ..... trip to ..... France in ..... Spring.
24. ..... Queen Elizabeth II is ..... monarch of ..... Great Britain.
25. Scientists sent ..... expedition to ..... Mars during ..... 1990s.
26. Last night there was ..... bird singing outside my house.
27. ..... chair that you are sitting in is broken.
28. ..... Civil War fought in ..... United States between 1861 and 1865.
29. ..... Florida State University is smaller tha ..... University of Florida.
30. There was ..... knock on ..... door. I opened it and found ..... small dark man in ..... blue overcoat and ..... woolen.
31. Do you know ..... time? 
Yes, ..... clock in ..... hall has just struck nine.
Then it isn't ..... time to go yet.
32. ..... listening to ..... teacher is useful for all of us.
33. Most of ..... students working in ..... garden are tired.
34. He works as ..... assistant in ..... same shop as I do.
35. Do youthink I should go to ..... police?
36. To prevent ..... possible repetition of this accident, I lent him ..... torch.
37. Most ..... farmers working hard on their land almost get nothing for their lifetime.
38. Do you see ..... man standing near .....door?
39. I told you about ..... burglary that we had at ..... shop, didn't I?
40. ..... practising English everyday of all the students in our class is very necessary.

II. Mạo từ và các từ xác định.
(Articles and determiners)
The cinema was almost empty. There were .................. people there.
a. a little	b. many	c. much	d. few
Don’t worry. We’ve got ............... time to have coffee.
a. a little	b. many	c. a few	d. little
This homework has .............. problems.
a. the three kinds	b. three kinds of	c. the three kinds	d. three kinds
A kid drinks ............. milk everyday.
a. much	b. a few	 	c. a lot of	d. many
Helen didn’t read .......... novels last week.
a. much	b. any	c. a few	d. some
Would you try ................. champagne?
a. a little	b. little	c. few	d. a few
She has read ............... interesting book.
a. the 	b. an	c. a	d, any
John Gilbert was a patient . He was ................
a. a sick	b. an ill	c. a sick man	d. not in a hurry
The Atlantic is ......................
a. a canal	b. a sea	c. an ocean	d. a lake
The songs are popular .............. like them
a. people	b. the folk	c the people	d. many people
That was a family of ...................
a. a prosperity	b. the prosperity	c. the prosperous	d. prosperity
...................... youngest boy has just started going ............ school.
a. the/ x	b. a/ x	c. x/ the 	d . an/ x
13........................ eldest boy is at ............... college.
a. The /the 	b .An/ the	c. The /x	d. a/ the
She lives in ................... top floor of an old house.
a. an	b . any	c. a	d, the
She had .............. very bad night, she didn’t sleep .............. wish. 
a. a/ a	b, an/ a	c. a / an	d. an/ an
............ person suffering from................... shock should not be given anything to drink.
a. An/ the	b. A/ x	c. A / the 	d. A/ any
You’ll get .,............ shock if you touch ............. live wire with that screwdriver.
a.a/ a	b. an/ a	c . an/ the	d. the/ the
Mr Smith is .............. old customer and ............ honest man.
a. the/ an	b. an / the 	c. an/ an	d. the/ the
Do you go to ............... prison to visit him?
a. the 	b. x	c. a	d. an
On ................... Sundays my father stays in bed, reading................. Sunday papers.
a. the/ the	b. a/ the	c , x/the	d. the/a
My mother goes to .................... church in ................. morning.
a. the/ x	b. the/ the	c. x/ the	d. a church/ a.
And in .................... afternoon goes to visit .................. friends.
a. the/ any	b. the/x	c. an/ an	d. the/ the
I have ............ little money left, let’s have dinner in ............ restaurant.
a. some/ the 	b. a / the	c. the/ a	d. a / a
............... man is .............. reasoning animal.
a. x/ a	b. the/ a	c. x/ an	d. a/ the
Like many women, she loves .............. tea parties and ............. gossip
a. some/ the 	b . x / x	c . a lot of/ the	d. x/ a
If ............ letters arrive for me , can you send them to this address?
a. some	b. many	c. any	d. much
Buy some pears if you see ...................
a. any	b. a few	c. anything	d. some
The boy refused to tell me ...............
 a. something 	b. everything	c. anything	d. nothing
Ann used to ride a motorcycle up and down ........... road early in .............. mornsing
a. a / the	b. the/ a	c. the/ the	d. the/ an
I am on night duty. When you go to ................ bed , I go to .............. work.
a. a/ the 	b. x/ x	 c. a/ x	d. the/ x
He switched on ........ ...... torch, read................. meter.
a. the/ a	b. the/ the	c. a/ the 	d. a/ a
................. is a star....................
a. The moon	b. moons	c. a / the	d. A moon
Hanoi is ....................... capital of Viet Nam. 
a. a	b. x	c. an 	d. the
She visited .............. France and ............. United States last month.
a. x/ the	b. the/ the	c. the/ x	d. x/ x
The murder was taken to .................. prison.
a. a	b. x	c. an	d. the
Rarely did .............. pass the exam.
a. someone	b. anyone	c. nobody	d. noone
The Smiths has a ................ baby. 
a. two- year- old	b. two – year – older	c. two –years – old	d. the two- year- old
She said that she was going to give you ............. information .
a. some of	b. some	c. any	d. an
.................... are allowed in the city center.
a. None motorcycles	b. No motorcycles	c. None of motorcycles	d. No motorcycle
My mother goes to .......... school to meet my sister’s teacher. 
a. x	b. a	c. the	d. an
Mr Smith was holding a lighted match at ..............time of ........ explosion.
a. the/ x	b. x/ the	c. the/ the	d. the/ an
He said thar he had had .............. book but that it had been burnt in ............ fire .
a. the/ the	b. a/ the	c. a/ a	d. the/ a
Peter thinks that this is quite ............. cheap restaurant.
a. a.	b. the	c. an	d. any
To prevent ............... possible repition of this accdent, I lent him...........torch.
a. a/ an	b. the/ a	c. a/ a	d. the/ the
There’ll always be a conflict between ................. old and .............. young .
a. the/ the	b. an / the	c. an /a	d. the/a
The lioness bit him in ............. leg. 
a. a	b. an 	c. the	d. his
The barman seized the drunk by ................ collar.
a. a.	b. any	c. an	d, the
He pointed to a woman in .............. green dress.
a. in	b. a	c. the	d. an
Would you like to hear ............ story about .............. Englishman.
a. the/ the	b. a/ an	c. an / the	d. a/ the
There was ............... collision at ............. corner. 
a. a/ the	b. the/ the	c, an/ the	d. the/ a.
Call an ambulance. There’s been ........................
a. accident	b. an accident	c. some accident	d. any accident
“ Where are you going?” “ I’m going to buy ................
a. a bread	b. any bread	c. loaf of bread	d. some bread.
53, Sandra works at a big hospital. She’s ..................
a. nurse	b. a nurse	c. the nurse	d. an nurse
54.He works six days ............week.
a. in 	b. for	c. a	d. x
55........................ is a star.
a. Sun	b. A sun	c. The sun	d. Suns
 What did you have for........................ breakfast this morning?
a. x	b. a	c. an	d. the
London is ................... capital of England.
a. an	b. a	c. x	d. the
When ................ invented ?
a. was telephone	b. was the telephone
c. were the telephones	d. were a telephone.
We visited ................... two years ago.
a. Canada and the United states	b. the Canada and the United States.
c. the Canada and United states	d. Canada and United States.
Are you going away next week? No, ......................... week after next.
a. a	b. the	c. some	d. x
61`We haven’t been to ................. for years. 
a. cinema	b. the cinema	c. a cinema	d. any cinema 
62.It took us quite a long time to get here . It was ............... journey.
a. three hour	b. a three- hours	c. a three –hour	d. three- hours
63.My mother goes to church in ................... morning.
a. x	b. every	c. the	d. a. 
64. I eat ................. everyday. 
a. a banana	b. banana	c. the bananas	d. any banana
65. If you live in ................... foreign country, you should try an learn the language.
a. the	b. x	c. an	d. a
66. Did your train leave from.........................?
a. the 8 Platform	b. an Platform 8 	c . some Platform 8	d. Platform 8.
67. I can’t work here. There ‘s too much ....................
a. noise	b. noises	c. the noise	d. a noise
68. Do you need......................?
a. an umbrella	b. a umbrella	c . umbrella	d. an umbrellas
69. I’ve seen ...................... good films recently.
a. a	b. the	c. some	d. an
70. I often watch ................ television for two hours every night.
a. some	b the	c. any	d. x
71. The unjured man was taken to ....................
a. hospital	b. any hospital	c. the hospital	d. hospitals
72. I’m not hungry. I don’t want ............. to eat.
a. some thing 	b. anything	c. thing	d. the thing
73. She went out without ................. money . 
a. any	b. an	c. a	d.x 
74. Hardly did ...................... pass the examination.
a. somebody	b. anybody	c. body	d.nobody
75. “ Have you got .............. luggage ?” No , I haven’t.
a. a	b. some	c. any	d. an
76. My father is a writer. He writes ....................... books. 
a. a 	b. some	c. any 	d. x.
77. If there are ................... letters for me , can you send them on to this address? 
a. some	b. any	c. the	d. no
78. We didn’t spend ................ money last month.
a. much	b. many	c. none	d. lot
79. Do you know................. people here ?
a. many	b. much	c. lots	d. little.
80.We must be quick. There is .................... time left.
a. a little	b. little	c. x 	d . much
81. Listen carefully. I’m going to give you ................. advice. 
a. a few	b. some	c. few	d. little
82. Do you mind if I ask you ....................... questions?
a. few	b. a little	c. a few	d. much.
83. This town is not an interesting place to visit, so ................tourists come here.
a. a few	b. few	c. a little	d. x
84. He spoke.......................... English, so it was difficult to communicate with him.
a. a little	b. little	c. few	d.a few
85. The village was very small. There were only .................... houses.
a. plenty	b. x	c. a few	d. any
86.There ‘s no need to hurry. We’ve got ............... time.
a. many	b. plenty of	c. plenty	d.several
87. Come and sit with us. There’re ......................... things to see.
a. many	b. much	c. plenty	d. few
88. He’s always telling ................... lies.
a. x	b. a little	c. a few	d. the
89. ..................... are allowed in the city center.
a. None cars	b. No cars	c. No of cars	d. No car
90. ..................... tells me anything.
a. Nobody doesn’t	b. Nobody	.c. None body	d. Body
91. Some plants are annuals ; ..................... are biennials; the rest are perennials.
a. some another	b. another	c. others	d. other
92. This exam has ................ problems.
a. two kind of 	b. both kinds	c. two kinds of	d. the two kinds of
93. It is generally believed that an M.B.A degree is good preparation for a career in .........
a. a business	b. one business	c. businesses	d. business
94. They have ................
a. a four – month- old baby	b. a four- months- old baby
c.four- month-old baby	d. four- months- old baby
95. Unemployment compensation is money to support an unemployed person while he is looking for .........................
a. job	b. a job	c. works	d. a work
........................... at 212 degrees F.
a . Waters boils	b. The water boils	c. Water boils	d. Waters boil
Although southern California is densely populated , .................. live in the northern part of the state.
a. a little people	b. a few the people	c. few people	d. a little of people
I think that there is .................. on TV.
a. too many violence	b. so many violence
c. too much violence	d. too much violences
...................... people in my apartment buiding are friendly.
a. Few	b. A great deal	c. Little	d. A little
Toshi speaks .................. at home.
a. the Japanese	b . Japan c. the Japan	d. Japanese.








	III. Add "a' or "an" where necessary:
1. He drove the car at ninety miles .......... hour.
2. My brother wants to be.............. engineer.
3. ......... cigarette ......... is made of ............. tobacco and .............. paper.
4. ............. milk comes from .......... cow.
5. We make ............... butter and cheese from ........ milk.
6. .............. window is made of glass.
7. ......... cat has .......... tail.
8. ............. coffee is ........... drink.
9. ........... fish swims in .......... water.
10. ............. rose is .......... beautiful flower.
11. We eat ............. soup with .............. spoon.
12. I can write .......... letter in ............. ink or with ................. pencil.
	
IV. Add "a", "an" or "the" where necessary:
1. .............. friend of mine has two dogs and ........... cat.
2. Put your bag in ................ back of ...........car.
3. Which is ................. quickest way to ............. Star Hotel?
4. It is ....... pity that ................ friends you spoke of have not come.
5. Would you like .......... cup of .............. tea and ......... cake?
6. It's beter to tell ....... truth than to tell ............... lies.
7. We had dinner together at ............... good restaurant yesterday.
8. ........... Thames, ............. Seine and .............. Rhine are famous rivers.
9. Mothers often tell ........... small children ........... stories before bedtime.
10. I dislike towns but I like ............. countryside.
11. Where is ......... hat that I bought yesterday?
12. Smith, ..........man you met yesterday, is ........... honest man.
13. .............. cheese, .............. butter, .......... iron and ................ milk are all substances.
14. ............. Alps are ............ highest mountain in ................ Europe.
15. He crossed ................ Atlantic in .............. record time.
16. It's .......... shame! There won't be another train for at least hour.
17. Stay in .......... hotel or ........... inn near ........... station.
18. ................ wool is one of .............. chief exports from ............. Australia.
19. I had ............. lunch with ............. old friend on ............... Saturday.
20. What ............... weather! ........... rain hasn't stopped all ...........day.
21. Out of .......... sight, out of .............. mind.
22. He collects .............. butterflies, ............. stamps and ................ match boxes.
23. .............. cat caught .......... mouse yesterday but .............. lucky mouse escaped.
24. I like ............. lot of .............. milk in my tea and ..........few lumps of .......... sugar.
25. He came to see me .............. last week and said it was last opportunity he would have. 
26. In ................. last week of ............... year we had .......... lot of snow.
27. ................ nature is more wonderful than ....... works of ........... man.
28. He works all .........day and every day from ........ morning till late ................ night.
29. He asked for ........ bread and ........butter: ......... loaf of .......... former and ........... pound of ........ latter.
30. He won ............... prize of ............... hundred pounds and spent it all in ................. week.
31. He became ................. soldier and proved to be ................. good soldier.
32. He is ........... man for .............. job! 
None other can do it so well.

















V. Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate article, a, an, or the, or leave the space blank if no article is needed.
1. I want ____ apple from that basket. 
2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late today."
6 Eli likes to play ____ volleyball.
7. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her school.
9. Please give me ____ cake that is on the counter.
10. I lived on ____ Main Street when I first came to town.
11. Albany is the capital of ____ New York State.
12. My husband's family speaks ____ Polish.
13. ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. ____ ink in my pen is red.
15. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog.
1. I want an apple from that basket. 
2. The church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks Chinese. (no article needed)
4. I borrowed a pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "The professor is late today."
6. Eli likes to play volleyball. (no article needed)
7. I bought an umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play the violin at her school.
9. Please give me the cake that is on the counter.
10. I lived on Main Street when I first came to town. (no article needed)
11. Albany is the capital of New York State. (no article needed)
12. My husband's family speaks Polish. (no article needed)
13. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. The ink in my pen is red.
15. Our neighbors have a cat and a dog.
VI. Directions: Write the following paragraphs, inserting a, an, and the where needed.
1. I have horse of my own. I call her Pretty Girl. She is intelligent animal, but she is not thoroughbred horse. I could never enter her in race, even if I wanted to. But I do not want to. She is companion, for my own pleasure. I took her swimming day or two ago.
2. Horse knows when he is going to race. How does he know? His breakfast was scanty. (He is angry about that.) He does not have saddle on his back. He is being led, not ridden, to grandstand. He is led under grandstand into unusual, special stall. Horse is nervous. Sometimes he does not know what to do when starting gate flies open and track is before him. If he does not begin to run instantly, other horses are already ahead of him. During race, when he sees another horse just ahead of him, he will try to pass him. Sometimes jockey holds him back to save his energy for last stretch. Eventually horse gets to run as fast as he can.
Exercise boy, watching owner's favorite jockey riding horse he has exercised day after day, says nothing. Secretly, he is planning for day when he will be jockey himself, and his horse will be first to cross finish line.
3. Most people have fewer hours to give to time-consuming activities of clubs than they used to have, but most people in small town belong to club or two. One of clubs is likely to be social and benevolent organization, such as Rotary or Elks. Business people are likely to belong, also to either Kiwanis Club or Lions. Such business people's organizations may meet as often as once a week in one of private dining rooms of town's leading hotel for lunch. They have good lunch, hear good program, and continue their fundraising program for worthy organization, such as local hospi