Tiếng Anh - Chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn (và ngược lại)

CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
A. LÝ THUYẾT :
1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tơi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before. ( tơi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên ... làm chuyện đĩ => ...chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đĩ trước đây.
 	The first time + S + have/has + V3 / ed + 
	à S + have / has + never + V3 / ed ...before
2.I started / began studying English 3 years ago. (tơi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tơi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
...bắt đầu làm gì đĩ cách đây + khoảng thời gian  => .. đã làm chuyện đĩ for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu khơng cĩ ago mà cĩ when + mệnh đề thì giữ nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since 
S + started / began + V ( ing)/ To + V(inf) + thời gian trong quá khứ 
à S + have / has + V(ed/c3) + for / since + thời gian
3. I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tơi thấy anh ta là khi tơi là SV ) 
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tơi đã khơng thấy anh ta từ khi tơi là SV ) 
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đĩ là khi .... => ..khơng làm chuyện đĩ từ khi ....
Last : lần cuối. 	Since : từ khi 
S1 + last + V2 / ed + when + S2 + V2 / ed .. 
à S1 + have / has + V3 / ed + since + S2 + V2 / ed ..
4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago
.(lần cuối cơ ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm )
She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cơ ta đã khơng đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay )
The last time + S + V2 / ed +  + was + thời gian trong quá khứ
à S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3 / ed +  + for / since + thời gian
5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tơi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( tơi đã khơng gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đĩ lần cuối => ..khơng làm việc đĩ được + khoảng thời gian
It's + thời gian + since + S + last + V2 / ed +  
à S + haven't / hasn’t + V3 / ed + + for / since + thời gian
6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ khi nào ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn 	à How long : thì dùng hiện tại hồn thành
When + did + S + V0 / Vs / es .. ? / How long ago + did + S + V0?
=> How long + have / has + S + V3 / ed ?
B. BÀI TẬP Rewrite the following sentences with the words given: 
1.Minh last wrote to his pen pal five months ago.
àMinh hasn’t ..
2.The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was 3 years ago.
à I haven’t 
3. When did you study English? 
àHow long ? 
4. They began building this house 2 months ago
àThey have  
5. My father started to work in this factory last week
àMyfather has
6. How long has he worked in the garden? 
à When ?
7. How long ago did you learn music? 
à How long have 
8. He started living in Ho Chi Minh city when he was 8
à He has 
9. He learnt English when he was 18
à He has 
10. They have worked in that factory for five years.
à They began ..
11. My father stopped smoking two years ago.
à My father hasn’t 
12. We have learnt English for four years.
-->We started...........................................................................................................
13.My father started to give up smoking last year.
-->My father has......................................................................................................
14.They have worked in that factory since 2001.
-->They started........................................................................................................
15. Lan hasn't written to Maryam for a month.
-->Lan didn't..........................................................................................................
16. He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
-->He started..........................................................................................................
17. I haven't met her for a long time.
-->I didn't...............................................................................................................
18. How long have you learnt French ?
-->How long ago...................................................................................................?
19. How long have you bought this car ?
-->When did...........................................................................................................?
20. When did you start to listen to classical music ?
-->How long ..........................................................................................................?
21. I saw her 10 years ago.
-->I haven't...............................................................................................................
22. The last time I saw him was in June
--> I ..
23. He started working in this company 5 years ago
--> He has
24. They began living here ten years ago
--> They have
25. Lan started to learn French since 2000
--> Lan has been learning 
26. The last time Lan went to the zoo was two years ago
--> Lan 
27. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before
-->This is the first time..
28. She has stuied japanese for three years
--> It’s three years since she sarted to study japanese 
29. It’s two years since she had a holiday
--> She has ..
30. This is my first visit to Scotland 
--> I .
31. The last time he came to the cinema was three weeks ago
--> He .
32. We haven’t been to the park for 2 days 
--> The last time ..
33. It’s five years since we last met each other
--> We.
34. We began working the job six months ago
--> I .
35. They started checking the machines two hours ago 
-->They have 
36. He began fixing the bike ten munites ago
-->He has..
37. She commenced cooking the soup half an hour ago
-->She has..
38. We began doing the test an hour ago
--> We have
39. Jack began planting flowers three hours ago
--> Jack has
40. They started building the bridge two years ago
--> They have..
41. Nam started learning English in 1998
--> Nam has.
42. Bang began raising birds in May
--> Bang has..
43. Van started collecting stamps on Sunday
--> Van has
44. Hang began listening to music at 8 o’clock 
--> Hang has..
45. Mai commenced making a dress on Saturday
--> Mai has..
46. He began watering the vegetables at nine 
--> He has.
47. Khanh started playng computer games in 2002 
--> Khanh has..
48. Kim commenced doing the test at one o’clock
--> Kim has.
49. Miss Lien commenced raising the pets in 2010
--> Miss Lien 
50. Minh began selling lottery tickets in June
--> Minh has
EXERCISES
I.Complete the sentences with “for” or “since”: 
We haven’t heard from them  ages
They waited for you  two days
They haven’t met himhe left the room
We have bought the new car  1999
Haven’t you seen him Christmas?
It was not rained May
I haven’t written to him  five months
She has spoken to them  this morning
We have listened to music 8a.m
The house been built  last year
II. Are the underlined verbs right (P) or wrong (O)? Then correct them if they are wrong
___ She has been a teacher since 1980 	
___ I don’t go for a walk for days 	
___ This is the best film that I ever saw so far 	
___ Mr. Jackson has earned a lot of money since he had his own company
___ Bob is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time 	
___ Jane and Peter learn French since July	
III. Use simple past or present perfect to complete the following sentences: 
Her English ( improve )  recently
How many pages  you (read)  so far?
We (finish)  our homework two hour ago
you (be)  to Rome?
I (see)  him several times on TV
What  you (do)  last night?
This is the first time I (visit)  the city
They (buy) the garden some days ago
I (learn)  English since I (be)  11 years old
Be careful! I (just clean)  the floor
The meal (already be)  ready.
I (never read)  an interesting story like this before